SKELETAL REMAINS FROM PERU STEWART 



167 



Table 4. — Metrical differences (mm.) between deformed and undeformed crania: 

 Miscellaneous Chicama — Continued 



Of the four lower means in the deformed group, two — endobasion- 

 nasion, endobasion-prealveolar point — probably can be explained by 

 the deformity. 5 The decrease in endobasion-nasion is significant sta- 

 tistically in both sexes, and that for endobasion-alveolar point is 

 significant at least in the females. The decrease in nasal breadth and 

 the lowering of the nasal index, which also are statistically significant 

 in both sexes (except for nasal breadth in the female, which ap- 

 proaches significance), are contrary to the general broadening of the 

 face that might be expected from the deformity. 



Thus it seems to me that the lengthening of the face and narrowing 

 of the nose in the deformed group, being contrary to changes that 

 might be expected from the type of deformity present, and being statis- 

 tically significant, indicate a true physical difference between the two 

 populations. Moreover, the deformed sample seems to be somewhat 

 more homogeneous than the undeformed, if we can judge by the 

 standard deviations of the facial measurements shown in table 5. 



5 Shapiro's attempt (1028) to find "a correction for artificial deformity of skulls" is 

 based on the assumption that basion-nasion is unaffected by deformity. In support of this 

 premise he cites figures for two Patagonian series, two Middle Mississippi cultural groups 

 from Ohio and Tennessee, and the Pecos series. It is quite unlikely that the degree of 

 deformity in any of these groups equals that in the Peruvians under consideration, espe- 

 cially as it affects the base of the skull. The circular deformity of the Patagonians would 

 not alter tho cranial base as much as the occipital flattening of the Pueblos, but the latter 

 even is less extreme in this respect than would be expected owing to its frequently 

 asymmetrical character. 



