176 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Those diagnostic characteristics, it will be recognized, are rather 

 indefinite, being derived partly from the living and partly from the 

 skeleton. Moreover, some of these characters, such as broad face, huge 

 trunk, dec}) pigmentation, sparse body hair, and coarse black head 

 hair, are generalized Indian features. Although Imbelloni recognizes 

 the effect of deformity upon the cephalic index, he does not recognize 

 the essential difference in the types of deformity in the two areas, as 

 pointed out by Matthews as long ago as 1801. (See above.) 



The data furnished by the present study, together with other recent 

 studies, permit us now to evaluate to a greater extent than heretofore 

 the differences between some of these physical types. In table 9 I 

 have assembled four undeformed cranial series that can be assigned to 

 three of von Eickstedt's groupings. The Peruvians, as we have seen, 

 are distinguished from the xTieblos by von Eickstedt, but united into 

 a single group by Imbelloni. The identification of the Spoon River 

 group (Illinois) as Centralid by Neumann, places it in the same group 

 as the Pueblos according to both classifications. The third physical 

 type, Sylvid of von Eickstedt or Planid of Imbelloni, is furnished by 

 Neumann's identification of the Maples Mills group (Illinois). 



Table 9. — Average differences between cranial measurements (mm.) of various 



Indian types: Mates 



Measurements 



Maximum number. 



Diam. ant.-post. max 



Diam. lat. max 



Bas.-breg. height 



Cranial index 



.Mean lit. index 



Alv. pt.-nasion _ 



Diam. biz. max 



Faeial index, upper 



Endobas.-nasion 



Endobas.-prealv. pt - 



Orbital lit. mean 



Orbital It. mean 



Orbital index mean 



Nasal height- __ 



Nasal breadth... ... 



Nasal index. 



Upper alv. arch length 



Upper alv. arch breadth.. 

 Upper alv. arch index 



Average difference. 



Miscel- 

 1 raeou 



(Andid)i 



(50) 

 17fi.8 

 137.0 

 135. 1 

 77. S 

 86.0 

 ■ is 2 

 135. 

 60.2 

 100. 4 

 100. 3 

 33.9 

 38.0 

 89. 1 

 48.9 

 24.4 

 49.9 

 54.3 

 64.3 

 118.6 



Old 

 Zufii •' 



(C'e a tra- 

 il. 1) 



(32) 

 176.3 

 132.1 

 133.3 

 71 9 

 86.5 

 73.3 

 133.8 

 54.6 

 99. 5 

 98.0 

 34.9 

 37.9 

 92.0 

 51.0 

 25.2 

 49.3 

 54.2 

 64. 7 

 119.6 



Maoli s 



Mills 3 



(Sylvid) 



(24) 



182.5 

 137.4 

 141.7 

 75. 4 

 88.6' 

 75. 1 

 136. 5 

 54.9 

 101. 2 

 98.8 

 35.0 

 1 



? 



54.0 

 26.1 

 48.6 

 54.6 

 65.7 

 111. 2 



Spo ') 

 River ' 

 (Centra- 

 lid) 



(27) 

 180.1 

 140.0 

 145. 6 

 77.8 

 91.0 



140.4 



53.3 

 105.5 

 102. 1 



34.4 



53.5 

 27. 

 60. 4 

 56.7 

 67. 6 

 118.0 



Differences 



3-4 



-0.5 

 -5.5 

 -1.8 

 -2.9 

 +0.5 

 +5.1 

 -1.2 

 +4.4 

 -0.9 

 -2.3 

 +1.0 

 -0.1 

 +2.9 

 +2.1 

 +0.8 

 -0.6 

 -0.1 

 +0.4 

 + 1.1 



-2.4 

 +2.6 

 +3.9 

 +2.4 

 +2.4 

 -0.1 

 +3.9 

 -1.6 

 + 1.3 

 +3.3 

 -0.6 



-0.5 

 +0.9 

 + 1.9 

 +2.1 

 + 1.9 

 -3.2 



+3.8 

 +7.9 

 + 12.3 

 +2.9 

 +4. 5 

 +1.7 

 +6.6 

 -1.3 

 +6. 

 +4.1 

 -0.5 



+2. 5 

 + 1.8 

 + 1.1 

 +2.5 

 +2.9 

 + 1.6 



2.06 



3.76 



1 Names in parentheses refer to von Eickstedt's classification (1933). For the equivalent terms in Im- 

 belloni's classification (1938), sec footnote 10, i>. 175. 



2 Hrdli6ka,-Jl931, pp. 7-10. 

 s Neumann, 1941b, p. so. 



< Calculated from means. 



