INTRODUCTION. 



Fig. 1. — FiGUEE OF a bird, showing its technical divisions. 



A, Dorsal region : 12, upper mandible; a, the apex; i, the eulmen ; c, the 

 nostrils. G', The Head: d, the forehead; e, thevertex;/, the occiput. E, The 

 Nape ; comprehending, u, the upper neck ; v, the lower neck, C, The Back 

 IV, the interscapular space ; y, the back proper ; z, the rump. K, The Tail 

 B, The Ventral region : comprising, 13, the lower mandible ; g, the apex 

 h, the gonys. II, The Throat : s, the throat proper ; r, the jugulum. JT, The 

 Breast. D, The Abdomen : divided into o, the epigastrium. P, The Belly 

 q, the crissum, or vent. The Neck (I) comprehends the whole region between 

 the head and the trunk. The head is further divided into (w) the ophthalmic 

 region, (/) the supraciliary region, (k) the cheek, (w) the parotid region, 

 and (J) the Icrum. The Sides or Flanks (F) are those parts covered by the 

 wings when closed. 



The feathers which cover or which form the Avings are distinguished into 

 Tecfriees, or wing-coverts; Hemiges, or quill-feathers; and thumb-feathers (2), 

 the last of which constitute the " bastard wing." The Tec-trices are divided 

 into the small wing-coverts (1), the middle wing-coverts (l"), and the large 

 wing-coverts (l")„ The Remiges are called primaries (3), or secondaries (3'J. 

 The wing itself is divided into the shoulder (4), and the ell>ow (5). 



The legs, at their junction with the tarsus (fi), form the heel. The tarsus 

 may be distinguished into a hinder portion (7), and an anterior portion (8). 



The foot is divisible into the thimib, or hallux (9), and the toes (10), which 

 are terminated by the claws (11). 



