No.4.[ COUES'S ORNITH. BIBLIOGRAPHY SPIIENISCID^. lOGl 



1872. C0UES,E. Osteologicul Notes [on SphoniHcida']. <^ Pror. lioxi. Soc Xat. n\»t., 

 xiv, 187-2, pp. 2.'31--253. 



A subtitle in conclusion of a preceding article, i. e., Hyatt's Oatalogim of the Ornith. Collec- 

 tion of the Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., pp. 237-251. These "notes", consist of a sketch of the lead- 

 m^ features of the skeleton. 



1872. COUES, E. Material for a Monograi)h of the- Spliciiiscidic. <^ I'mc. Acud. Xut. 

 Sei. Phila., xxiv, 1872, i)p. 170-212, pll. 4, 5. 



Based chiefly on the specimens iu th(^ Museuius of the .Smithsonian Institution nivX nf the 

 Philadelphia Academy, the former beinji notable as containin-; T. R. Peale's types, and the 

 latter including the largest collection of Penguins in America. 



The copious syuouymy gives nearly every name, generic or specific, which had at that 

 time been proposed for this group of birds ; and each species recognized by the author is 

 fully described, with much critical matter. The paper is divided into parts, as follows : 



I. On the Literature of the Subject, pp. 170-181. This ia a list, in chronological ojiler. of 

 the principal writings upon Penguins, sufficiently analyzed to give the gist of each author, 

 especially with reference to the successive establishment of new generic and specific names, 

 and the identification thertiof ; it takes note not only of special papers on Spheniscidce, but 

 also of those portions of more gc^neral works which treat of birds of this family. Those who 

 have occasion to look up the literature of Spheniseidce will find this article in some respects 

 more satisfactory than tlie present Bibliography. 



n On Certain Points of Cranial Structure bearing upon the Determination of the Genera, 

 pp. 181-189. The author describes the skulls of various si)ecies in sufficient detail to show 

 that there are three leading modifications of the cranium, upon which he would recognize 

 three genera, Aptenodytes, Eudyptes, Spheniscus; he however retains for certain species a 

 fourth genus, Pygoscelis. The wing and leg bones of Aptenodytes are also described. This 

 part of the subject is illustrated with the two plates. 



III. On the Geographical Distribution of the Family, pp. 189, 190, followed, p. 191, by a Key 

 to the Species. 



IV. Determination of the Species, pp. 192-212. The following species are recognized : 



1. Aptenodytes patagonica Yorat. (/orsteri Gray, imperator Bi>.). 



2. Aptenodytes longirostris Scop, (patachonica Aliq., pennantii Gray, rex Bp.). 



3. Pygoscelis tceniata Peale (papua Forst., wagleri Scl.). 



4. Pygoscelis adelice H. and J. (brevirostris Gray, longicauda Peale, herculis Finschj. 



5. Pygoscelis antarctica Forst. 



6. Eudyptes antipodes K. and J . (Jlavilarvata Pesde). [/waBonn.). 



7. Eudyptes catarrhactes Forst. {Phaeton demersus L., eristata Shaw, saltator Steph., gor- 



8. Eudyptes chrysocome Fort. { pachyrhyncha Gmy, nigrivestis Groidd). 



9. Eudyptes chrysolopha Brandt. 



10. Eudyptes diadematus Gould. 



11. Spheniscus minor Vmst. (wndina Gould). 



12. Spheniscus demersus Linn., with S. magellanicus as a variety 

 Spheniscus mendicubis Sund., not treated. 



Cf. Zool. Pec. for 1872, p. — ; Am. Nat., vii, 1872, pp. 38-40. 



It may be useful to give here in chronological order a nearly complete list of the namea 

 which have been proposed for Spheniscidce, beginning with Linnseus: 



1766. Diomedea demersa Linn., Syst. Nat., i, p. 214. 



1766. Phaeton demersus Linn., Syst. Nat., i, p. 219. 



1777. Aptenodytes longirostris Scopoli. 



1777. Aptenodytes papua Scopoli. 



1777. Aptenodytes platyrhyneha Sco])oli. 



1781. Aptenodytes chrysocome Forst., Comin. Reg. Soc. Sci. Oott, iii, p. 135. 



1781. Aptenodytes patachonica Forst., I. c, p. 137. 



1781. Aptenodytes antarctica Forst., I. c, p. 141. 



1781. Aptenodytes magellanicus Forst., I. c, p. 143. 



1781. Aptenodytes catarractcs Forst., I. c, p. 145. 



1781. Aptenodytes torquata Forst., I. c. p. 146. 



1781. Aptenodytes minor Foist., I. c, p. 147. 



1782. Aptenodytes gorfu a, Bonnaterre, Encyc. MSth., i, p. 67. 

 1788. Aptenodytes chilensi.s Gni., Syst. Nat., i, p. 559. 



1788. Aptenodytes chiloensis Gm., Syst. Nat, i, p. 559. 



1790. Aptenodytes molino! Lath., Ind. Om., p. 881. 



17 — . Pinguinaria eristata Sliaw, Nat. Misc., pi. 437. 



1800. Aptenodgtes fu-scirostris lUiger. 



1816. Eudyptes Vieillot, Analyse. 



1825. Chrysocoma saltator Steph., Shaw's Oen. Zool., xiii, p. 58. 



