1868.] scientific education in schools. 269 



4. The College of Preceptors. 



In the diploma examinations at the College of Preceptors, one 

 branch of science — viz., either chemistry, natural history, or physio- 

 logy — is required as a necessary subject for the diploma of Fellow. 

 In the examinations for the lower diploma of Associate or Licentiate 

 some branch of science may be taken up by candidates at their 

 own option. The council recently decided to offer a prize of three 

 guineas half-yearly for the candidate who showed most proficiency 

 in science, and who at the same time obtained a second class in 

 the other subjects. 



In the examinations of pupils of schools, natural philosophy, 

 chemistry, and natural history are optional subjects only, and are 

 not required for a certificate for the three classes. Two prizes are 

 given to those candidates who obtain the highest number of marks 

 in these subjects at the half-yearly examinations; and it is an 

 interesting fact that last year, out of a total of 651 candidates, 

 100 brought up natural history, and 36 brought up chemistry as 

 subjects for examination. Two additional prizes were consequently 

 awarded. 



5. The French Schools. 



In France the " Lycees" correspond most nearly to our public 

 schools, and for many years science has formed a distinct part of 

 their regular curriculum. A strong impulse to the introduction 

 of scientific teaching into French schools was given by Napoleon I., 

 and since that time we believe that no French school has wholly 

 neglected this branch of education. The amount of time given to 

 these subjects appears to average two hours in every week. 



The primary educatiou is that which is given to all alike, what- 

 ever may be their future destination in life, up to the age of eleven 

 or twelve years. After this period there is " bifurcation" in the 

 studies of boys. Those who are intended for business or for 

 practical professions lay aside Greek and Latin, and enter on a 

 course of " special secondary instruction. " In this course, 

 mechanics, cosmography, physics, chemistry, zoology, botany, and 

 geology occupy a large space; and the authorized official pro- 

 grammes of these studies are very full, and are drawn up with the 

 greatest care. The remarks and arguments of the Minister of 

 Public Instruction (Mons. Duruy) and others in the " Pro- 

 grammes officiels, etc., de l'enseignement secondaire special," are 

 extremely valuable and suggestive; and we recommend the 



