1868.] SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS. 271 



universities, and the Bilrgerschvlen or Realschulen^ which were 

 established for the most part about thirty years ago, for the 

 purpose of affording a complete education to those who go into 

 active life as soon as they leave school. An account of the Prussian 

 Gymnasia and Realschulen may be seen in the Public School Com- 

 mission Report, Appendix G; further information may be obtained 

 in " Dashohere Schulwesen in Preussen," by Dr. Wiese, published 

 under the sanction of the Minister of Public Instruction in Prussia, 

 and in the programmes issued annually by the school authorities 

 throughout G ermany . 



At the Gymnasia natural science is not taught to any great 

 extent. According to the Prussian official instructions, in the 

 highest class two hours, and in the next class one hour a week are 

 allotted to the study of physics. In the lower classes, two hours 

 a week are devoted to natural history, i. e., botany and zoology. 



The results of the present training in natural science at the 

 Gymnasia are considered by many eminent university professors 

 in Germany to be unsatisfactory, owing to the insufficient time 

 allotted to it. 



In the Realschulen about six hours a week are given to physics 

 and chemistry in the two highest classes, and two or three hours 

 a week to natural history in the other classes. In these schools 

 all the classes devote five or six hours a week to mathematics, and 

 no Greek is learnt. In Prussia there were in 1864 above one 

 hundred of these schools. 



APPENDIX B. 



On the Natural Science Teaching at Rugby. 



Before the summer of 1864, a boy, on entering Rugby, might 

 signify his wish to learn either modern languages or natural science ; 

 the lessons were given at the same time, and therefore excluded 

 one another. If he chose natural science, he paid an entrance 

 fee of £1 Is., which went to an apparatus fund, and £5 5s. 

 annually to the lecturer. Out of the whole school, numbering 

 from 450 to 500, about one-tenth generally were in the natural 

 science classes. 



The changes proposed by the Commissioners were as follows : — 

 That natural science should no longer be an alternative with 

 modern languages, but that all boys should learn some branch of 



