1368.] 



HOOKER — ARCTIC FLORA. 



337 



Carex laxa. 

 salina. 



aquatilis. 



globularis. 



Alopecurus alpinus. 

 Deyeuxia deschampsioides. 



Lapponica. 



strigosa. 



Langsdorffii. 



Hierochloe alpina. 

 Colpodium latifolium. 



pendulinuni. 



fulvum. 



Blysmus rufus. Langsdorffii. Dupontia Fisheri.* 



It is curious to remark how many of these boreal European 

 plants, which are absentees in the Alps, have a very wide range, 

 not only extending to the Himalaya and North China, but many 

 of them all over Temperate North America; only one is found in 

 the south temperate zone. In the present state of our knowledge 

 we cannot account for the absence of these in the Alps; either 

 they were not natives of Arctic Europe immediately previous to 

 the glacial period, or if so, and they were then driven south to the 

 Alps, they were afterwards there exterminated; or, lastly, they 

 still inhabit the Alps under disguised forms, which pass for 

 different species. Probably some belong to each of these cate- 

 gories. I need hardly remark that none inhabit Europe south of 

 the Alps, or any part of the African continent. 



The list of Arctic ^American and Asiatic species which do 

 inhabit the Alps of Europe, but not Arctic Europe, is much 

 smaller. Those marked f are Scandinavian, but do not there 

 enter the arctic circle. 



Anemone patens. 



alpina. 



narcissiflora. 



fRanunculus sceleratus. 

 fAconitum Napellus. 

 fArabis petraea. 

 tCardamine hirsuta. 



Draba stellata. 

 t'l'hlaspi montanum. 

 |\Lepidium ruderale. 

 fSagina nodosa. 

 jLinum perenne. 



Phaca alpina. 



tAstragalus hypoglottis. 

 fSpirsea salicifolia. 

 tPotentilla fruticosa. 



sericea. 



tCeratophyllum demersum. 



Bupleurum ranunculoides. 

 tViburnum Opulus. 



Galium rubioides. 

 f saxatile. 



Ptarmica alpina. 



Aster alpinus. 



Gentiana prostrata. 



Polygonum polymorphum. 



Corispermum hyssopifolium. 



Alnus viridis. 



Pinus cembra. 

 fSparganium simplex. 

 fTypha latifolia. 



Carex ferruginea. 



supina. 



stricta. 



f pilulifera. 



fScirpus triqueter. 



Deyeuxia varia. 



Spartina cynosuroides. 

 tGlyceria fluitans. 



Hordeum jubatum. 



III. — BOTANICAL DISTRICTS WITHIN THE ARCTIC CIRCLE. 



The following are the prominent features, botanical, geographical, 

 and climatal, of the five districts of the arctic zone : — 



1. Arctic Europe. — The majority of its plants are included 



* The following species were included in this list as first published, 

 but ha^e siuce been found in Switzerland : — 



Naumbergia thyrsiflora. 

 Salix myrtilloides. 



Calla palustris. 

 Carex fuliginosa. 

 capillaris. 



Carex vulgaris. 

 casspitosa. 



[Cardamine bellidifolia has been found on the Pyrenees by Lange !— Ed.] 



