1868.] 



HOOKER — ARCTIC FLORA. 



341 



extend southwards to the Himalaya or mountains of Persia ; none 

 are found on the mountains of the two Indian peninsulas, but 

 5 are found on those of Australia and New Zealand. All but 

 the following 37 are European. Those marked with a f are 

 almost exclusively arctic : — 



Saxifraga serpyllifolia (W. America). 

 tNardosmia glacialis (Arctic Asia only). 



Gmelini. 



tArtemisia Steveniana (Arctic Asia only). 



glomerata (West America). 



biennis (E. and W. America). 



Osmothamnus fragrans. 



Pedicularis capitata (E. and W. America). 



euphrasioides (E. and W. America)- 



fMonolepis Asiatica (Arctic Asia only). 



Rumex salicifolius (E. and W. America). 



graminifolius. 



Salix ovalifolia (West America). 



Abies alba (E. and W. America). 



Larix Americana (E. and W. America). 



Tofieldea coccinea (E. and W. America). 



Fritillaria Kamtchatkensis (West America). 



Carex concinna (West America). 



Elymus mollis (E. and W. America). 



Delphinium Menziesii (West America). 

 fCochlearia sisymbrioides (Boreal ditto). 



Hesperis Pallasii (East and West America) 



Odontharrena Fischeriana. 



Cardamine macrophylla. 

 f Arenaria macrocarpa (West America). 



laricina. 



t Rossii (Rocky Mountains). 



Cerastium maximum (West America). 

 fOxytropis nigrescens (Boreal E. and W. 

 America). 



Hedysarum Sibiricum. 

 fSieversia glacialis (Boreal W. America). 



Potentilla stipularis. 



fragiformis. 



Claytonia lanceolata. 

 tSedum euphorbioides (Arctic Asia only). 



Saxifraga Escholtzii (Boreal W. America). 



punctata (West America). 



Thus out of 37 non-European species, only 12 are confined to 

 Asia, the remaining 25 being American. On the other hand 

 there are only 22 European species in Arctic Asia which are not 

 also American ; which scarcely establishes a nearer relationship 

 between Arctic Asia with Europe than with America. These 



Dianthus Seguieri. 



superbus. 



Silene inflata. 

 Arenaria uliginosa. 

 Phaca alpina. 

 Hedysarum obscurum. 

 Rubus Idsus. 



Sedum quadrifidum. 

 Gaya simplex. 

 Leontodon autumnalis. 

 Hieracium alpinum. 

 Veronica longifolia. 

 Pedicularis Sceptrum. 

 Pinguicula alpina. 

 Polygonum Sibiricum. 



Salix Lapponum. 



nigricans. 



hastata. 



Picea orientalis. 

 Larix Ledebourii. 

 Cypripedium Calceok 

 Carex ferruginea. 



In other words, of the 233 Asiatic species, 196 are common to 

 Asia and Europe, 22 are confined to Asia and Europe, 25 are 

 confined to Asia and America, and 12 are confined to Asia (three 

 of which are peculiar to the arctic circle) . 



The rarity of Gramineae and especially of Cyperacese in this 

 region is its most exceptional feature ; only 21 of the 138 arctic 

 species of these orders having hitherto been detected in it. 

 Cryptogamic plants seem to be even more rare ; Woodsla llvensis 

 and Lastrea fragrans being the only Filices hitherto enumerated. 



Yol. III. W Ko. 5 



