352 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [June 



Oxytropis, Androsace, Aster, Myosotis, Rosa, Ribes, Thlaspi, 

 Sisymbrium, Geranium, etc., and of sue h ubiquitous arctic species 

 as Fragaria vesca, Caltha palustris*, Barbarea prcecox. It is 

 remarkable that Astragalinece are also absent from Spitsbergen 

 and Iceland. 



Iceland possesses 432 species (Monocot., 157; Dicot., 275) 

 amongst which I find about 120 Arctic European plants that do 

 not enter Greenland; whereas only 50 of the European plants 

 that inhabit Greenland are absent in Iceland. The more remark- 

 able desiderata of Iceland are Astragalinece, Anemone, Aconitum, 

 Braya, Turritis, Artemisia and Androsace ; Alopecurus alpinus, 

 Luzula arcuata, Hierochloe alpina, Rubus chanuemorus, Cassio- 

 peia tetragona, Arnica montana, Antennaria dioica, and Chrysos- 

 p/enium alternifolium. On the other hand, Iceland contains of 

 arctic genera absent in Greenland : Caltha (one of the most 

 common plants about Icelandic dwellings), Cahile, Geranium, Tri- 

 folium, Spircea, Senecio, and Orchis. 



But perhaps the most remarkable fact of all connected with the 

 Greenland flora is that its southern and temperate districts, which 

 present a coast of 400 miles, extending south to lat. 60° N., do 

 not add more [than 74 species to its flora, and these are almost 

 unexceptionably Arctic European plants ; and inasmuch as these 

 additional species increase the proportion of Monocotyledons to 

 Dicotyledons of the whole flora, Greenland as a whole is botanically 

 more arctic in vegetation than Arctic Greenland alone is ! 



The only American forms which Temperate Greenland adds to 

 its flora are, Ranunculus Cymbalaria, Pyrus Americana, a very 

 trifling variety of the European P. Aucuparia, Viola Muhlenberg ii, 

 a mere variety of V. canina, Arenaria Graenlandica, a plant else- 

 where found only on the Mountains of New England, etc., and 

 Parnassia Kotzehuei, a species which is scarcely different from 

 P. pedustris. 



The only plants which are not members of the arctic flora else- 

 where, and which are confined in Greenland to the temperate zone, 

 besides the above American plants, are Blitum glaucum, Potamo_ 

 geton marinus, Sparganivm minimum, and Streptopus amplexi- 

 folius : the rest will all be found in the column of the arctic plant 



* This is the more remarkable because it forms a conspicuous feature in 

 Iceland, and is a frequent native of all the Arctic American coasts and 

 islands. 



