1868.] BRAITHWAITE — ORGANIZATION OF MOSSES. 471 



to the spores by breaking up from decay (fig. 20). These 



Fig 19. Schistocarpous fruit of Fig. 20. Cleistocarpous fruit of 

 Andrerea. Pleuridium subulaturn. 



characters enable us conveniently to arrange mosses in three 

 divisions : — 



Schistocarpi — the Split-fruited Mosses. 



Cleistocarpi — the Closed-fruited Mosses. 



Stegocarpi — the Lid-fruited Mosses. 

 The wall of the capsule consists of several layers of cells, the 

 outer of which becomes indurated at maturity, and often richly 

 coloured. 



Enclosed with in thecapsule is the Sporangium, or Spore-sac, 

 consisting of two strata of cells, the outer of which is contiguous 

 to the lining membrane of the capsule, or is suspended from it by 

 delicate threads?; the inner is united to a pillar, occupying the 



Fig. 20. Section of Fruit of Funaria, showing Sporangium suspended 

 by threads. 



