188 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



eveuiiig. June aud Julj-, 1871, and Julj-, 1875. Fkst observed by Pro- 

 fessor S. I. Smith. 



This species was referred to as an " Undetermined Genus " in my 

 Eeport on the Invertebrata of Vineyard Sound, etc., p. 632, 1873. 



P6LY20A. 



Alcyouidium rubrum, sp. uov. 



An encrusting species, forming broad, smooth colonies, covering stones 

 and hirge shells. Zocecia rather large, mostly hexagonal, but often pent- 

 agonal, with their boundaries well-marked in alcoholic specimens by a 

 distinct line. The retracted zooids in preserved specimens usually forni 

 a small papUla in the middle of the zocecia. Color, in life, bright brick- 

 red, or sometimes orange-red. 



Common all along the coast, from Long Island Sound to Nova Scotia, 

 mostly in 10 to 50 fathoms, and especially on Fecien tenuieostatus. 



Bugtila cucullata Verrill, Amer. Jour. Sci., xviii, p. 52, July, 1879. 



Zoarium nuich branched, branches slender, tlichotomously divided, the 

 branchlets diverging but little. Zo«cia in two alternating rows, rather 

 *large, elongated, narrow, with tlie long, narrow, frontal area occupying 

 most of the length. At the distal angles there are usually two rather long 

 slender spines on each side, but often three on tlie outer angle. The 

 •spines are unequal, divergent, more or less curved and diret^ted upward; 

 the one farthest in front is usually longest, curved forward and upward 

 at base. Avicularia large, elongated, the length greater than the width 

 of the zocecia, situated rather in advance of the middle of the outer 

 margin of the frontal area, the beak reaching beyond the distal end of 

 the zocecia; the head is compressed, broad-oval, and tapers below at the 

 posterior end into the pedicel, which is thick at first, but narrows to a 

 slender base ; the beak is long, concave above, but strongly incurved or 

 hooked at the tip. Ooecia short, but wide, nearly hemispherical, the 

 front edge turned upward, showing a large opening in a front view, and 

 giving them a hood-like appearance; surface more or less areolated, 

 glistening. 



Jelirey's Ledge, off' Maine, 51 fathoms, taken by Dr. A. S. Packard 

 and Mr. C.Cooke, while dredging on the "Bache," in 1871, for the Fish 

 Commission. A second specimen of this fine species was dredged this 

 season, oil Cape Cod, in 75 fathoms, mud. When placed in alcohol, it 

 quickly bec^ame bright rose-red ; but the alcohol soon dissolved the color, 

 becoming light pink, while the specimen became white. 



Bugiila decorata Verrill, Amcr. Jour. Sci., xviii, p. 52. 



Zoarium rather large, with thick, iinich branched stems, producing 

 densely branched, somewhat plumose tiifts, two inches or more high. 

 Branches uuecpially dichotomous, often somewhat spirally arranged. 

 Zocecia in two alternating rows, large, broad, prolonged proximally. 

 Frontal area large, elongated, sunken and wrinkled in the dry state. 



