190 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



L CvUularia Pallas, 176S, (restricted). Zooecia unilateral, iu two alternatiug rows, 

 mostly protected by lateral spines, either simple or dilated. Vibracula and lat- 

 eral and median avicularia present. Ty^ie C. scruposa* 

 a. Subgenus Cdhdaria ( = Scrupocellaria, pars, Gray, Busk). Lateral spines all simple. 

 h. Subgenus Cellarina Van Ben. (incl. TriccHarla Flem., 1828). One of the lateral 

 spines usually more or less dilated and often expanded in a shield-like form in 

 front of the zooecia. Two New England species : C. scdbra Van Ben. and C. ternata 

 (Sol.), with varieties gracilis and duplex (Smitt). 



The name Tricellaria (given to iernata) might have been adopted for this sub- 

 genus, but it is very inapplicable to the grouj), and even to the type-species, 

 as now known. 



n. Scruparia Oken (restricted) { = Scriqjoccllaria, jjrtcs, Gray; Cauda Busk, non Lamx.). 

 Lateral avicularia and vibracula absent. A lateral spine develops into a pro- 

 tective (often frondose) shield. Type S. reptans (Linn6), not yet found on the 

 American coast. 



III. Buf/nlopsis VeiTill {=i Cellular ia, pars, Busk, non Pallas). Characterized by the 

 simxile, unai'med zooecia, arranged iu alternatiug rows, and destitute of avicu- 

 laria, vibracula, and shields. Type C. Peachii (Busk), Gulf of Maine and Bay 

 of Fundy. European seas, north to Spitzbergcn. 



As no species of the last gTonp was originally included in Celhilaria, 

 it is inadmissible to restrict that name to it. Either reptans or scruposa 

 should be taken as the type of CclluJaria, both having been originally 

 included by Pallas, as well as by most subsequent authors. Scruparia t 

 Oken (1815) originally included not only the group that had previously 

 been named Eucraiea by Lamouroux (1812), but also 8. reptans. There- 

 fore there seems to be no good reason why it should not be restricted, 

 as above, rather than be displaced by the much later and more objec- 

 tionable name, Scrupocellaria. Menqyca, used by Busk and others for 

 Cellarina, is inadmissible, in that sense, for the original group named 

 Menipea by Lamouroux is a valid and very distinct genus. Ca nda (Lamx., 

 ISIO), adopted by some for Cellularia reptans, cannot j^roperlj' be so used, 

 for the original tyije is a distinct genus. 



Porellina stellata Yerrill, Amer. Jour. Sci., xviii, p. 53. 



A large species, forming radiating patches on shells, etc. Zocecia ar- 

 ranged in quincunx, large, broad, moderately convex, white, shining, 

 mostly imperforate and smooth, the marginal ones more or less perfo- 

 rate iu front. Apertures nearly semicircular, the proximal edge straight 

 or nearly so, often with two spines on the distal border; median pore, a 

 short distance from the aperture, large, nearly circular, provided with 

 numerous, slender, convergent spinules, which nearly i-eacli the center, 

 giving the pore a stellate appearance. Avicularia near the lateral mar- 

 gin, about opposite the median pore, varying in size and form ; in the 

 same colony some are short triangular, others long triangular, while 

 others with a long and acute erect tip show the transition toward vibra- 



* This species has been recorded from the Gulf of St. Lawrence by Packard and 

 othe-s, but I have myself seen no American examples. 



tThis name has recently been given to a new genus, in a new sense, by Hincks, in 

 accordance v.'ith a practice that is nearly always unsafe, as well as confusing. 



