14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. ui 



of the eminent insect morphologist Dr. R. E. Snodgrass (1935, ch. 3), 

 and may be summarized as follows: A spur or calcar is a movable 

 multicellular outgrowth connected by a joint to the exoskeleton. 

 A seta is a movable unicellular outgrowth connected to the exo- 

 skeleton by a joint. In contrast a spine is an immovable multi- 

 cellular outgrowth of the exoskeleton but not connected to it by 

 a joint (i.e., not arising from a socket or alveolus). In figiu-e 16a, we 

 see a typical spine — the coxopleural spinous process of T. grallatrix— 

 multicellular and immovably attached to the exoskeleton. In figiu-e 

 16, d-g are all movably attached and are fundamentally setiform 

 structiu-es; d-g are setae of various sorts, e and/ being typical setae 

 and d being a modified seta here for the sake of convenience termed 

 a lanceolate seta; b and c though immovably attached to the exo- 

 skeleton and though apparently spinous are in reality spurs or setal 

 derivatives as is shown by their vestigial alveoli. Thus, 6 and c are 

 secondarily ankylosed setae, to v/hich for convenience and clarity 

 I have applied the new term "mucro" (pi. "mucrones") ; ^ is a spur or 

 calcar such as is typical of distal pedal positions. 



4. Carlsbad Caverns, the subject of an interesting book on its 

 fauna by Vernon Bailey in 1928, are situated in the desert of the Pecos 

 River Valley of southeastern New Mexico and is maintained by the 

 National Park Service. I should like to take this opportunity to 

 express my gratitude to Chief Ranger Tom Ela and Ranger DLxon 

 Freeland, the collectors, and to Dr. Thomas C. Barr of Tennessee 

 Polytechnic Institute, who transmitted the specimen to me for 

 examination. 



5. The mandibular differences distinguishing the geophilomorph 

 families or family-groups have been well known and used for over 

 half a century, but the application of mandibular criteria in other 

 orders, particularly in Scolopendromorpha, has been generally slighted 

 except perhaps by the late Karl W. Verhoeff , the fii-st person to study 

 the mandible with any precision and from the standpoint of com- 

 parative morphology (see Verhoeff, 1918, pp. 467-532). Verhoeff 

 extended study beyond the examination of the masticatory surface 

 and thereby prepared the way for future investigations, which I believe 

 may reveal the scolopendromorph mandible to possess adjuvant higher 

 categorical characters heretofore unsuspected. Verhoeff's designa- 

 tion in German of previously unnamed and obscure mandibular parts 

 has perhaps compromised the adoption or even the study of his work. 

 Obscure parts without ready interlinguistic cognates should, I feel, be 

 expressed in an international idiom, preferably in classical terms or at 

 least in approximate classical derivatives. While terms like head, 

 Zahne, back, foot, bouche, yeux, etc., are readily understood and 

 translatable by anyone, the correct, consistent application of, e.g., 



