46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. m 



quite applicable to a study of Aphodiinae. Among these are notable 

 and excellent papers by Boving (1936) on the explanation for terms 

 applied to the epipharynx and raster, and by Kitcher (1945, 1947) on 

 the larvae of Coprinae and Geotrupinae. In this paper, these works 

 are referred to frequently and the same terminology is used. 



Larval Taxonomy 



The scarabaeid subfamily Aphodiinae, as shown by a detailed 

 morphological study of the larvae, includes four tribes — Aegialiini, 

 Aphodiini, Eupariini, and Psammodiini, Almost all scarabaeid 

 larvae have stridulatory teeth on the maxillae. The larvae of 

 Psammodius and Pleurophorus of the tribe Psammodiini and Saprosites 

 of the tribe Eupariini lack stridulatory teeth. 



Larvae of Aphodiinae may be characterized as follows: Antenna 

 4-segmented (in Aphodius first antennal segment apparently sub- 

 divided). Third antennal segment with an apical, conical sensory 

 organ. Fourth antennal segment small and conical, with a sensory 

 area, and bearing sensory pegs and a seta at its tip. Epipharynx 

 usually wealdy trilobed; haptomerum with two macrosensillae. 

 Pedium bounded on all sides by nonarticulating processes. Tormae 

 fused mesally and produced into an epitorma. Crepide present 

 posterior to tormae. Scissorial area of right mandible with S1+2 and 

 S3+4. MaxUla with cardo, stipes, galea, lacinia, and 4-segmented 

 maxillary palp; galea and lacinia separate but close together. Galea 

 ventraUy with a row of short setae; lacinia dorsally with a row of 

 setae near the mesal edge. Legs 4-segmented, consisting of a coxa, 

 trochanter, femur, and tibiotarsus, the latter bearing a simple claw; 

 claw with two short setae near the middle. Spiracular concavities 

 facing ventrally. Anal lobes whitish or yellowish white and without 

 setae. 



Larval key to tribes of the subfamily Aphodiinae found in the 

 United States 



1. Lower anal lobe either emarginate or entire 2 



Lower anal lobe divided into two sublobes either adjacent or remote .... 3 



2. Lower anal lobe entire (fig. 86) Aegialiini 



Lower anal lobe emarginate (fig. 85) Aphodiini 



3. Maxillary stridulatory area with teeth (fig. 49), except in the genus Saprosites 



where the lacinia lacks an apical uncus (fig. 46) Eupariini 



Maxillary stridulatory area without teeth (fig. 50) Psammodiini 



Tribe Aegialiini 



This tribe is represented in the United States by only two of the 

 five known genera, Aegialia Latreille and Microaegialia Brown. So 

 far, 19 species of the genus Aegialia have been recorded from the 



