388 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



21. Epinephelus gigas. 



Perca gigcis, Briiimicb, "Iclithyol. Massiliensis, fio, No. 81," 1768 (Marseilles). 



Holocentrus (jigas,B\och. «& Schneider, Syst. Ichtb., 1801, 322 (copied). 



Serravus gUjas, Cuv. & Val., ii, 270, pi. xxxii, 1828; Giiuther, i, 132, 1859 

 (Madeira; Cape of Good Hope); Steindachner, Ichth. Berichte, iv, 11, 

 1867 (excl. syn. pars ; Barcelona ; Tangier ; Lisbon ; Teuerilie) ; Stein- 

 dachner, Ichth. Beitr., xii, 6, 1882 (comparison with Epinephelus eamttua); 

 Steindachner, Ichth. Beitr., 1876, v. 127 (Canary Is.; Madeira; Cape 

 Verde; Cape of Oood Hope; Brazil); Day, British Fishes, 16, pi. v 

 (sontb coast of England). 



Cerna gigas, Doderlein, Rivista del Genere Epinephelns o Cerna, 1883, 10 (de- 

 tailed description and synonymy). 



Holocenirus merou, Lac^pede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 377, 1803 (after Briiunicb). 



Serranus mentzeU, Cuv. & Val., ii, 291, 1828 (coast of Brazil) ; GUnther, i, 140, 

 1859 (copied). 



? Serranus dichropterus, Cuv. & Val., ii, 293, 1828 (Brazil; not type, which was 

 from Japan, having been also the type of Holocentrus ongus Bloch). 



Perca robusta, Couch, "Mag. Nat, Hist., 1832, v., 21, f. 7" (Polperro). 



Serranus mar ginatus,LiO\fe , "Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1833, 142" (Madeira). 



Serranus fimhrlatus, Lowe, "Trans. Cambr. Phil. Soc, 1836, p. 195, pi. i" 

 (Madeira). 



Serranus cirMJot(?es, Capello, " Journ. Sci. Math., ii, 1867 156" (Portugal). 



Serranus ongus, (iunthar:, i, 1859, 142 (Bahia; not Holocentrus on(/M8, Bloch, a 

 Japanese fish). 



? Epinephelus hrachysomus, Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Phila., 1871, 466 (Rio 

 Janeiro). 



Habitat. — Coasts of Europe and Northern Africa; islands of the East- 

 ern Atlantic ; coast of Brazil. 



We have not studied this species, and give most of the above syn- 

 onymy on the authority of Dr. Steindachner, who has compared speci- 

 mens from the Mediterranean with others from Brazil without finding 

 any difference. Besides the several European names, Steindachner re- 

 fers here the name mentzeli, C. & V. This identification seems probable. 

 We have also ventured to refer here the Brazilian specimens of Serranus 

 dichropterus of C. & V., and of Serranus ongns, Giiuther. According to 

 Peters, the OTginalHolocentrus ongus of Bloch, which specimen became 

 also the type of Serranus dichropterus, C. & V., was a Japanese fish, 

 Serranus moara, Temminck & Schlegel. The latter species should 

 therefore stand as Epinephelus ongus. 



The very young fish from Eio Janeiro in the museum of the Academy 

 at Philadelphia, which is the type of Cope's Epinephelus brachysomus, 

 seems to us to belong to this sjiecies. At any rate it is no other of those 

 admitted here. 



22. Epinephelus drummond hayi. Hind; Speckled Hind ; John Paw. 



Epinephelus drmnmond-hayi, Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, 173, 

 174 (Pensacola ; Bermuda) ; Goode & Bean, pp. cit., 1879, 115, 139 (Pen- 

 sacola) ; .Jordan & Gilbert, op. cit., 1882, 272 (Pensacola) ; Jordan & 

 Gilbert, Syn. Fish.N. A., 1883, 540 (copied). 



Habitat — Pensacola ; Bermudas. 



This species is not uncommon about Pensacola in rather deep water. 

 Fishermen say that it is also occasionally taken at Key West, although 



