402 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



but relied for his diagnosis on some of tbe later authors, most likely on 

 the figures of Willoughby or Catesby. The fish he had in view in form- 

 ing his diagnosis was probably either E. apua cJr cruentatus. For E. 

 <yruentatus Bloch soon after retained the name guttatus, and in this he 

 has been followed b^' Poey. This arrangement probably best accords 

 with the custom of naturalists generally. 



As a matter of fact, justice, and perhaps convenience also, would be 

 best served by adopting the fifth of the above alternatives. Linnicus 

 had Marcgrave's fish in mind as his type, but derived his knowledge of 

 it from other authors who had never seen it, and whose accounts refer 

 to other fishes, and to more tlian one other species. 



31. Enneaceutrus teeniops. 



fPerca punctata, Bonuaterre, Tabl. Eucycl, Meth., 1788, 130 (Senegal; not 



of LinniBus). 

 Serranus twniops, Cuv. & Val., ii, 370, 1828 (Cape Verde); Gilnther, i, 121, 



1859 (St. Vincent); Steiudachner, Fisclie Afrikas, 1881, 4, taf. 1 ("very 



common on the coast of Seuegambia to the Cape Verde Islands and Guinea ; 



rare on the coasts of the Bahama Islands to Florida"). 

 Bodianm tosniops, Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N. A., 1883, 919 (copied). 



Habitat. — West Indies; Florida; Cape Verde Islands; west coast of 

 tropical Africa. 



This species has not been studied by us. Steiudachner mentions 

 specimens with the ground color red and others dark golden brown or 

 blackish brown. The color varieties probably resemble those oi E.ful- 

 vus and E. guttatus. 



32. Epinephelus fulvua. Guativere; Nigger-fish; Yellow-fish; Coney; Butter-fish. 



a. Yellow variety (fulvus). 



Turdus Cauda convexa (the Yellow-fish), Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1743, 



pi. X, f. 2. 

 Labrus fulvus, Liunseus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 1758,287 (after Catesby) ; Linnaeus, 



Syst. Nat., ed. xii, 1766, 479. 

 Guativere {amarilla), Parra, Descr. Dif. Piezas, Hist. Nat. Cuba, 1787, 7, lam. 



V, f. 2 (Cuba). 

 Holocentrus auratus, Bloch, Ichthyol., vii, 57, 1792, taf. 236 ("East Indies"); 



Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol., 1801, 314. 

 Serranus auratus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, ii, 364, 1828 (copied) ; Peters, Ber- 

 lin. Monatsber., 1865, 103 (identi&cation of Holocentrus auratus, Bloch). 

 Bodianus guativere, Bloch &, Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 336 (based on both 



Parra's figures). 

 Serranus guativere, Cuv. & Val., ii, 383, 1828 (on Parra's second figure); Miil- 



ler & Troschel, " Schomb. Hist. Barbad., 1848, 665"; Cope, Trans. Am. 



Philos. Soc, 1871, 466 (New Providence); Poey, Repertorio, i, 203. 



Habitat. — West Indies ; Bermudas ; Florida Keys. 



b. Scarlet variety {ouatalihi) . 

 Carauna, Marcgrave, Hist. Brasil, 1648, 147 (Brazil). 

 Guativere, Parra, Descr. Dif. Piezas, Hist. Nat., 1787, lam. v, f. 1 (Cuba). 

 Perca punctata, Bloch, Ichthyol., about 1795, 314 (on a figure by Plumier). 

 Gymnocephalus ruber, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol., 1801, 346, taf. 67 (on 

 Carauna of Marcgrave; not Epinephelus ruber, Bloch). 



