16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 45. 



distinct types, among them Tupaias of the discolor, picta, montana, 

 gracilis style. Three of these occur on islands to the westward of 

 Borneo; on Banka, discolor and gracilis types, on Billiton, gracilis 

 type, on Karimata, gracilis and montana types, thus showing the 

 affinities of these islands with Borneo, and not with Sumatra. Of 

 the two species found on Java, a related form of one of them occurs 

 on some of the small islands of the chain off the southern coast of 

 Sumatra, and of the other apparently the same form occurs on one 

 island of the same chain, and in the mountainous region of the 

 southern coast of Sumatra. The intimate relationship of the Malay 

 Peninsula with the island of Sumatra is shown by the occurrence on 

 both of Tupaia glis ferruginea and T. minor malaccana. Only one 

 weU marked group, minor, occurs on both Borneo, Sumatra, and the 

 Malay Peninsula. It is not found on Java. On Palawan the 

 Calamianes, and Cuyos Islands, all politically part of the Philippines, 

 but geographically part of Borneo, is found a rather distinct species 

 group without decided affinities to Bornean forms. On the Nico- 

 bars occurs one of the most distinct species in the genus, without 

 any apparent relationship to other members of the genus. So far 

 as known no Tupaias are found on the Andaman Islands. 



Dendrogale, with two distinct species groups is found on Borneo, 

 with one of the groups occurring also in French Indo-China. This 

 distribution is so peculiar and not paralleled so far as I laiow by 

 other forms of mammals, that it seems almost certain that the genus 

 will be found elsewhere in the Indo-Chinese and Indo-Malay sub- 

 regions. Of the form occurring on Borneo and the Asiatic mainland 

 not a dozen examples are in existence in collections, showing that it 

 is a particularly rare animal. See page 131. 



The genus Tana parallels that of the Orangs in its distribution, being 

 confined to Borneo and Sumatra, and some of the adjacent islands. 

 It contains two well-marked species groups, the smaller of which is 

 known only from Borneo. 



To my mind Urogale and Tana are derived from the same stock 

 form; but Urogale on Mindanao being more restricted in area and 

 more remote from the source of origin, probably Borneo, has become 

 the more highly differentiated of the two. Urogale must have 

 reached Mindanao from Borneo by way of the Sulu Archipelago. 

 At present there are no records of treeshrews from the islands of the 

 Sulu Archipelago, but in view of the occurrence of Urogale on Minda- 

 nao it seems likely that treeshrews occur on them and they ought to 

 he of a genus or genera the same as or similar to Urogale and Tanxi. 



The genus Ptilocercus with a single species group is found in Bor- 

 neo, Sumatra, and southern Malay Peninsula and some of the 

 adjacent islands, and parallels the distribution of Tupaia minor. 



