22 PROCEEDINGS OF TEE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 45. 



eat the pith which mcloses the seeds, strewing the latter all over the 

 ground, and even digs up the seeds planted in flower boxes. * * * 

 Twpaia ferruginea is more terrestrial in its habits than a squirrel. 

 When alarmed it darts up a tree, but never very high, and turning 

 its head downward utters a series of little scolding grunts, which 

 sound like some one talking at a considerable distance. When a 

 stone is thrown near it, it usually immediately jumps to the ground. 

 It is evidently as yet only half accustomed to an arboreal life. In 

 confinement it is very nervous, dashing about the cage when 

 approached, and it never lives long in captivity." ^ 



BREEDING. 



Tupaias are evidently able to bear young at practically all times 

 of the year. An examination of the collector's remarks on the labels 

 of specimens shows tliat 3 individuals were pregnant m January, 1 

 in February, 1 m March, 3 in June, 1 in July, 2 in September, and 

 1 in October. Specimens showing distinct signs of nursing or about 

 which the collector remarks "milk in mammae" are distributed 

 through the year as foUows: February, 2; March, 1; April, 1; May, 

 1; June, 1; August, 1; September, 2; November, 1. December is 

 the only month without a record of pregnancy or breeding. While 

 the number of records is too small to justify any generalizations 

 it would appear that the beginning and the middle of the calendar 

 year are the periods of greatest productivity. (See table, p. 23.) 



NUMBER OP YOUNG. 



The number of offspring produced at one time by Tupaias probably 

 varies with the species and directly with the number of mammae 

 common to that species. Two is apparently the usual number, but 

 it is sometimes one {Twpaia nicoharica surda, Cat. No. 111785), or 

 as many as four (T. chinensisB. M. 97.11.2.10-13). (See table, p. 23.) 



Cantor 2 says: "The female usually produces one young; she has 

 four mammae, the anterior pair of which is situated on the lower 

 lateral part of the chest, the posterior on the side of the abdomen," 



Robinson and Kloss ^ note that two young are produced at a birth 

 in Twpaia glis ferruginea. 



MAMM.^. 



The number of mammae in Tupaia varies from one pair in certain 

 species to three pairs in others. The number is of some impor- 

 tance as a character for certain species or groups of species. Where 

 the mammae are six they have been designated by Mr. Oldfield 



» But see specimen dissected by Garrod, living for two years, in London Zoological Society, page 13. 



» Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 15, 1846. 



» In Thomas and Wroughton, Joum. Fed. Malay States Mus., vol. 4, No. 1, p. 112 December, 1909. 



