NO. 1976. TREE SHREWS: FAMILY TUPATID^—LTON. 101 



indistinct lateral stripe on either side to meet the dark blackish- 

 brown area of the back, in many specimens, an indistinct median 

 stripe extending from the dark area on top of head to the blackish- 

 brown area of the back; tail, in unworn conditions, very similar to 

 seal brown, both above and below except along the center line below 

 where the color is much lighter. In some specimens the little mid- 

 dorsal stripe from head to the dark area of the back is obsolete, and 

 in others it is more conspicuous than the lateral stripes from ears to 

 dark dorsal area, very rarely are the mdistmct stripes from ears to 

 back lacking. In worn condition the tail becomes much lighter in 

 color, approaching cinnamon or russet. Also m worn pelages the 

 dark area of the back becomes lighter and duUer. (Plate 3, fig. 1.) 

 Slcull and teeth. — Unlike most members of the genus the skull of 

 Tupaia nicoharica is quite characteristic and would hardly be con- 

 fused with the skulls of other species. The slmU has about the same 

 general size as that of Twpaia glisferruginea, but appears more solidly 

 built, and more angular with spreading zygomata and with a more 

 abruptly arising rostrum; the palate is better ossified, the fenestra in 

 zygoma less elongate, and more oval, and often much reduced in size; 

 space between the external and internal pterygoid plates greater and 

 buUag slightly smaller; the impression for muscular attachment at the 

 an tern-inferior angle of the zygoma distinctly smaller, and its small 

 size more noticeable in view of the otherwise greater angularity of the 

 skull; the coronoid process of the mandible is heavier and wider. The 

 teeth of Tupaia nicoharica are for the most part similar to those of 

 Tupaia glis ferruginea, but the central pair of upper incisors greatly 

 exceed the second pair of upper incisors and are very much larger and 

 more recurved than the corresponding teeth of T. glisferruginea ; they 

 have about the same relative degree of development that is seen in 

 Tupaia javanica. The upper canmes are more slender and pomted 

 than they are in T. glis ferruginea. In comparison with other mem- 

 bers of the genus, except T. javanica, the lower canines are greatly 

 db7eloped, approaching the enormous development of the lower 

 canines in the genus Urogale. The third incisor in front and the first 

 premolar behind the lower canine are correspondingly diminished in 

 size, and the length of the lower canine exceeds or at least equals twice 

 the length of incisor in front and often more, while in the species 

 previously considered the lower canine is only one and one-half times 

 the length of the incisor m front and often less. 



Measurements. — Usual measurements of adults: Head and body, 

 180-195 mm; tail, 200-225 ; hmdfoot, 45-49; condylo-basal length, 

 47-50; zygomatic width, 27-29; width of bram case, 19-20; maxillary 

 tooth row, 18-19. For individual measurements see tables, pages 104 

 and 105. 



