32 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 



well defined, there being an abrupt transition from the one into the 

 other. The sandstone has yielded but few fossils, and these only cal- 

 amites and ferns." 



In the same work, Dr. B. F. Shumard described from the gra^nsh 

 earth}' limestone of Washington county, Cyathocrimis grannliferus, 

 and identified it with a fossil found at the summit of Muldrow's Hill, 

 in Kentuck}'. 



It is very evident that as earh' as 1852 both Dr. Geo. G. and Dr. B. 

 F. Shumai'd were well acquainted with the superior division of the 

 sub-carboniferous rocks in Illinois, Missouri, Indiana, Arkansas and 

 Kentucky, but they did not propose a name by which the division 

 might be known. 



In 1856 (Trans. Alb. Inst. vol. 4), Prof. James Hall described new 

 species of fossils from the carboniferous limestones of Indiana and 

 Illinois, and separated the Groups of beds of limestone, shale, etc., 

 constituting the carboniferous formation into seven members, and for 

 the first time used a geographical name for the Group in question. 

 He said: 



" This section is compiled from observations made in the Valley of 

 the Mississippi Eiver, from Burlington, Iowa, to near the mouth of the 

 Ohio; and from previous examinations made in Indiana and Illinois. 

 The same formations having been traced southward through Ken- 

 tucky, Tennessee and Alabama, I believe we have now a definite con- 

 ception of the members which constitute the great carboniferous lime- 

 stone formation, which in one or other of its members extends from 

 near the center of Iowa on the northwest, through Illinois and Indi- 

 ana to the southwest, and south through Missouri, Arkansas, in part, 

 Kentucky, Tennes■^ee and Alabama. (I have in another place ac- 

 knowledged my obligations to Mr. A. H. Wortheu, of Illinois, who 

 aided me in tracing out and determining these Groups.) 



" I am satisfied that a more careful study of the fossil reuuiins from 

 these beds will sustain the view I have taken; and we shall hereafter 

 recognize .each of these Groups as possessing its ov^'w fauna, whieh to 

 a great extent will prove distinct from all the others. 



"VII. Coal measures. 



"VL Kaskaskia limestone, or upper Archimedes limestone, 



^'■Localities. — Kaskaskia and Chester, 111., St. Mar3's, Miss,, etc. 



"V. Gray, brown or ferruginous sandstone, overlying the limestones 

 of Alton and St. Louis, 



'■'■Localities. — Below St. Genevieve, Missouri; between Prairie du 

 liocher and Kaskaskia, Illinois. 



