Annual Address of V. T. Chambers, Esq. 91 



As before stated, the larvaj of the flat group all pupate in the mine. 

 L. ornatella, with its large mandibles, cuts a lunate slit in the loosened 

 cuticle of the leaf, and crawls awa}^ (which the flat larva is unable to 

 do) to pupate elsewhere. It differs also in its mode of hibernation 

 from the flat larvae, all of which hibernate as larvae, while L. ornatella 

 hibernates both as larva and pupa; thus, as in its form approaching 

 the c^dindrical group, all of which (in this country at least) hibernate 

 as pupa. In its form also, and structure in its last two stages, it is 

 closely allied to the cjiindrical group, and it connects both groups by 

 its mining habits, for it mines indifi'erently either surface of leaves, 

 while all larvae of the flat group mine only the upper surface, and those 

 of the CA^lindrical group, with rare exceptions, mine the lower surface. 

 As in the flat larvae the sixth stage lasts only a day and a half, each of 

 the other stages lasting three days, and the pupa state six in July and 

 August. On each side of the 6th, 7th and 8th segments projects a curi- 

 ous cylindrical tube, unlike anything that I have seen in other larvae. 

 The larval history of the cylindrical group is more diflScult to trace 

 than that of either of the other groups, because the mine being deeper 

 the larva is better concealed from view. In this group I have traced 

 only thehistorj^ of L. rohiniella, Clem., and owing to the irregular form 

 of the mine it is impossible to say anything as to the relative quantitj' 

 of food consumed in the different stages further than that very nearly 

 if not the same ratio prevails as in the preceding groups. In their first 

 three stages these larvae are also flattened, but they are narrower, 

 and more elongate than those of the other two groups. Usually the 

 maculae are absent or indistinct, but in one species L. tritasniaella, 

 Cham., they are darker than in the flat larvae, and the larva itself is of 

 a dusk}' hue, while the larvic of the group generally are white or yellow- 

 ish white. In L. robiniella the larva is white, usuall}' immaculate, but 

 sometimes with the maculae almost black. Each larval stage (except 

 perhaps the fourth) lasts three dajs, and the same increase of size (that 

 is the length of the larva at the end of the first stage is made in eacli 

 stage.) For the first four stages (or the first three and part of the 

 fourth), the mine resembles that of a larva of the flat group; but the 

 same change which takes place in the trophi of the other two groups 

 at the fifth moult, and substantially the same change in form which 

 takes place in L. ornatella, at the fifth moult, takes place in the cylindri- 

 cal group at the third moult; that is, the larva then first assumes a 

 cylindrical (or rather at first a moniliform) shape: the legs and feet are 

 well developed, and the trophi assume the form indicated at figure 3. 

 The same ratio of growth in the several stages is also observed as in 



