﻿16 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  vol.98 
  

  

  1766 
  should 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  the 
  first 
  reviser 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  references 
  to 
  

   Marcgrave 
  and 
  Ray 
  should 
  definitely 
  be 
  eliminated 
  in 
  reaching 
  a 
  con- 
  

   clusion 
  concerning 
  the 
  status 
  of 
  paniscus. 
  

  

  The 
  "Guariba" 
  of 
  both 
  Marcgrave 
  and 
  Ray 
  is 
  unquestionably 
  the 
  

   howler 
  monkey, 
  as 
  was 
  recognized 
  by 
  both 
  Pennant 
  (Synopsis 
  of 
  

   quadrupeds, 
  p. 
  122, 
  1771; 
  "preacher") 
  and 
  Goldfuss 
  (Schreber, 
  Die 
  

   Sfiugthiere, 
  Theil 
  1, 
  Heft 
  7, 
  p. 
  112, 
  1774) 
  . 
  The 
  bases 
  and 
  type 
  localities 
  

   of 
  the 
  mammalian 
  species 
  in 
  the 
  tenth 
  edition 
  of 
  Linnaeus 
  were 
  con- 
  

   strued 
  as 
  they 
  were 
  by 
  Thomas 
  (Proc. 
  Zool. 
  Soc. 
  London 
  for 
  1911, 
  

   pt. 
  1, 
  p. 
  127, 
  Mar. 
  22, 
  1911) 
  on 
  the 
  assumption 
  that 
  Linnaeus's 
  "quota- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  his 
  own 
  earlier 
  writings 
  should 
  be 
  given 
  absolutely 
  overriding 
  

   importance" 
  and 
  that 
  all 
  others 
  should 
  be 
  ignored. 
  The 
  Linnean 
  

   quotation 
  under 
  [^Simia] 
  j^cmiscus 
  in 
  the 
  tenth 
  edition 
  is 
  "S. 
  caudata 
  

   barbata, 
  cauda 
  prehensili, 
  palmis 
  subtetradactylis. 
  Syst. 
  nat. 
  3," 
  and 
  

   on 
  referring 
  to 
  the 
  sixth 
  edition 
  of 
  Systema 
  Naturae 
  (p. 
  3, 
  1748) 
  , 
  it 
  will 
  

   be 
  noted 
  that 
  Linnaeus 
  altered 
  his 
  original 
  concept 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  by 
  

   adding 
  "palmis 
  subtetradactylis," 
  since 
  the 
  diagnosis 
  under 
  "/S'^m^(^" 
  

   in 
  the 
  earlier 
  edition 
  reads 
  "14. 
  Simia 
  caudata 
  barbata, 
  cauda 
  pre- 
  

   hensili. 
  Marcgr. 
  bras. 
  226." 
  On 
  the 
  assumption 
  that 
  the 
  reference 
  to 
  

   Marcgrave 
  was 
  the 
  primary 
  reference, 
  Thomas 
  designated 
  Pernambuco 
  

   as 
  the 
  type 
  locality 
  for 
  paiiiscus. 
  In 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  Marcgrave's 
  

   account 
  of 
  the 
  "Guariba" 
  applies 
  solely 
  to 
  the 
  howler 
  monkey, 
  the 
  

   designation 
  of 
  Pernambuco 
  as 
  the 
  type 
  locality 
  for 
  paniscus 
  cannot 
  

   be 
  accepted. 
  Browne 
  {op. 
  cit., 
  p. 
  489, 
  1789) 
  stated 
  that 
  the 
  "four- 
  

   fingered 
  monkey" 
  is 
  an 
  inhabitant 
  of 
  the 
  main 
  continent, 
  Linnaeus 
  in 
  

   the 
  tenth 
  edition 
  gave 
  the 
  habitat 
  of 
  paniscus 
  as 
  "America 
  meridionali 
  : 
  

   Brasilia," 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  twelfth 
  edition 
  after 
  the 
  removal 
  of 
  the 
  references 
  

   to 
  the 
  "Guariba" 
  Linnaeus 
  restricted 
  the 
  habitat 
  to 
  "America 
  meri- 
  

   dionali." 
  Since 
  "La 
  Guyane" 
  has 
  been 
  designated 
  by 
  Geoffroy 
  {op. 
  

   cit., 
  p. 
  6, 
  1803) 
  as 
  the 
  "patrie" 
  of 
  paniscus, 
  we 
  hereby 
  restrict 
  the 
  type 
  

   locality 
  to 
  French 
  Guiana. 
  

  

  The 
  Guiana 
  black 
  spider 
  monkey 
  is 
  readily 
  distinguished 
  from 
  all 
  

   others 
  by 
  its 
  long, 
  lax, 
  silky 
  pelage 
  and 
  its 
  large 
  foot. 
  It 
  is 
  believed 
  

   to 
  be 
  restricted 
  to 
  the 
  area 
  between 
  the 
  north 
  bank 
  of 
  the 
  Amazon 
  River 
  

   and 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  Guianas. 
  It 
  was 
  met 
  with 
  by 
  various 
  early 
  trav- 
  

   elers, 
  and 
  several 
  names 
  proposed 
  seem 
  clearly 
  to 
  belong 
  in 
  synonymy. 
  

   In 
  the 
  three 
  specimens 
  from 
  Rio 
  Jamunda, 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  bank 
  of 
  the 
  

   Amazon, 
  near 
  Faro, 
  Brazil, 
  vestigial 
  thumbs 
  are 
  present 
  as 
  pointed 
  

   out 
  by 
  Tate 
  (Bull. 
  Amer. 
  Mus. 
  Nat. 
  Hist, 
  vol. 
  76, 
  p. 
  215, 
  Oct. 
  20, 
  

   1939). 
  In 
  two 
  from 
  Lago 
  Cuipeiia, 
  also 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  bank 
  of 
  the 
  

   Amazon, 
  farther 
  to 
  the 
  east, 
  vestigial 
  thumbs 
  are 
  present 
  in 
  the 
  

   skeleton, 
  as 
  usual 
  in 
  the 
  group, 
  but 
  do 
  not 
  appear 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  dis- 
  

   cernible 
  in 
  the 
  skin. 
  Tate 
  {op. 
  cit.) 
  refers 
  to 
  "small, 
  triangular 
  

   pterygoids 
  without 
  pointed 
  tips" 
  as 
  a 
  cranial 
  character 
  in 
  paniscus. 
  

   The 
  external 
  reduplications 
  of 
  the 
  pterygoids 
  are 
  broken 
  off 
  in 
  the 
  

  

  