﻿420 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  vol.96 
  

  

  2. 
  Second 
  recurrent 
  vein 
  far 
  basad 
  of 
  intercubitus; 
  middle 
  tibia 
  with 
  only 
  one 
  

   calcarium; 
  occipital 
  carina 
  medially 
  far 
  below 
  level 
  of 
  posterior 
  ocelli. 
  

  

  Anonialini 
  

   Second 
  recurrent 
  vein 
  usually 
  distad 
  of 
  intercubitus, 
  occasionally 
  slightlj' 
  basad, 
  

   rarely 
  {Ophioptents) 
  far 
  basad 
  or 
  (Hymenopharsalia, 
  Ophionellus) 
  entirely 
  

   absent; 
  middle 
  tibia 
  with 
  two 
  calcaria, 
  rarely 
  {Hymenopharsalia, 
  Ophionellus, 
  

   and 
  an 
  unnamed 
  North 
  American 
  genus) 
  with 
  only 
  one; 
  occipital 
  carina 
  

   medially 
  almost 
  at 
  level 
  of 
  posterior 
  ocelli, 
  rarely 
  {Anomalon 
  verbosum 
  

   Cresson) 
  far 
  below 
  Therionini 
  

  

  HOST 
  RELATIONS 
  AND 
  LARVAL 
  CHARACTERS 
  

  

  Host 
  relations 
  and 
  larval 
  characters 
  indicate 
  that 
  the 
  three 
  tribes, 
  

   Ophionini, 
  Anomalini, 
  and 
  Therionini, 
  are 
  distinct 
  natural 
  groups 
  and 
  

   support 
  the 
  placing 
  of 
  Hymenopharsalia 
  in 
  the 
  Therionini. 
  The 
  

   Ophionini 
  are 
  internally 
  parasitic 
  in 
  lepidopterous 
  larvae, 
  the 
  Anoma- 
  

   lini 
  in 
  coleopterous 
  larvae, 
  and 
  the 
  Therionini 
  in 
  lepidopterous 
  pupae. 
  

  

  My 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  is 
  based 
  largely 
  on 
  exuviae 
  extracted 
  

   from 
  cocoons 
  or 
  host 
  pupae 
  from 
  which 
  known 
  specimens 
  were 
  reared. 
  

   The 
  most 
  significant 
  characters 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  sclerotization 
  

   of 
  the 
  margins 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  capsule 
  and 
  mouth 
  parts. 
  In 
  the 
  accom- 
  

   panying 
  illustrations 
  of 
  these 
  sclerotizations 
  in 
  typical 
  genera 
  of 
  each 
  

   of 
  the 
  three 
  tribes, 
  quite 
  different 
  patterns 
  v/ill 
  be 
  noted. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  ophionine 
  larva 
  (pi. 
  49, 
  figs. 
  1-3) 
  the 
  entire 
  labium 
  (Im) 
  

   except 
  the 
  areas 
  surrounding 
  the 
  palpi 
  (Ip) 
  is 
  lightly 
  sclerotized, 
  with 
  

   a 
  more 
  heavily 
  sclerotized 
  horseshoe-shaped 
  sclerome 
  (sd) 
  around 
  the 
  

   opening 
  of 
  the 
  silk 
  duct 
  in 
  a 
  deep 
  emargination 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  margin 
  ; 
  

   there 
  is 
  no 
  sclerotic 
  bridge 
  across 
  the 
  clypeus, 
  the 
  sclerotization 
  extend- 
  

   ing 
  for 
  only 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  along 
  the 
  frontal 
  suture 
  (/) 
  above 
  the 
  

   dorsal 
  articulation 
  of 
  the 
  mandible; 
  the 
  hypostomal 
  margin 
  (hy) 
  of 
  

   the 
  epicranium 
  is 
  heavily 
  sclerotized 
  with 
  a 
  long 
  branch 
  (st) 
  extending 
  

   across 
  the 
  maxilla 
  and 
  a 
  somewhat 
  less 
  heavily 
  sclerotized 
  extension 
  

   (oc) 
  downward 
  along 
  the 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  occipital 
  foramen; 
  the 
  lower 
  

   margin 
  of 
  the 
  stipes 
  of 
  maxilla 
  (mx) 
  is 
  heavily 
  sclerotized 
  and 
  the 
  

   surface 
  of 
  the 
  cardo 
  (cd) 
  of 
  maxilla 
  lightly 
  so; 
  the 
  mandibles 
  (md) 
  are 
  

   extremely 
  small. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  therionine 
  larva 
  (pi. 
  49, 
  figs. 
  5-8), 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  the 
  

   labium 
  is 
  sclerotized 
  only 
  along 
  its 
  superior 
  lateral 
  margins 
  and 
  the 
  

   margins 
  of 
  the 
  silk 
  duct 
  opening, 
  its 
  lower 
  margin 
  being 
  very 
  poorly 
  

   if 
  at 
  all 
  defined; 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  strong 
  sclerome 
  across 
  the 
  cl^'^peus 
  (cl), 
  

   fused 
  laterally 
  with 
  the 
  pleurostomal 
  margins, 
  thus 
  forming 
  with 
  the 
  

   hypostomal 
  margin 
  a 
  strong 
  brace 
  extending 
  entirely 
  across 
  the 
  head 
  

   above 
  the 
  mouth, 
  and 
  sometimes 
  spreading 
  far 
  back 
  from 
  the 
  margins, 
  

   notably 
  so 
  in 
  Therion 
  and 
  Heteropelma; 
  the 
  very 
  heavily 
  sclerotized 
  

   hypostomal 
  margin 
  lacks 
  entirely 
  the 
  branch 
  across 
  the 
  maxilla 
  

   and 
  the 
  extension 
  along 
  the 
  occipital 
  foramen 
  ; 
  the 
  sclerotized 
  margin 
  

   of 
  the 
  stipes 
  of 
  the 
  maxilla 
  is 
  long 
  and 
  slender 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  evident 
  

  

  