24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.67 



frayed, while the whole organ is of good length in proportion to 

 the length of the bill. This is true of Dendrocolaptes picumnus 

 and several species of Picolaptes. Bnt one specimen of Drymomis 

 hridgesi was available and in an excellent state of preservation. 

 In this bird the tongue was exceptionally small, out of all proportion 

 to the huge sickle bill and not at all like the above-mentioned genera. 

 The appearance was much as if the horny anterior end of the tongue 

 was either absent or had been shed. Wliether this is an accidental 

 or natural state is not known. Figure 100 illustrates the tongue of 

 Fumafrius agrmtus^ which is somewhat fleshier than ordinary and is 

 not supplied with so great a proportion of horny tip. This is true 

 also of Cinclodes. Figure 101 illustrates jSittasomus, species. ( ?) 



The Formicariidae have thin horny tongues that are frayed some- 

 what more than the ordinary, extending well back along the sides, 

 as exemplified by that of Gymnocichla nudiceps (fig. 102). Tham- 

 nophilus hridgesi (fig. 103) shows much the same structure. 



Figure 104 illustrates the tongue of Oligura superciliaris, one of 

 the Timaliidae. 



Among the Pycnonotidae, Pycnonotus shows a simple flat tongue 

 that is bifid but not frayed, while lole philippinensis has one some- 

 what curled and both forked and frayed at the tip. 



There is little to characterize the Muscicapidae, as the tongues seen 

 are with minor variations much like the standard pattern. 



The thrushes and their allies depart from the usual structure by 

 the addition of papillosities on the dorsal surface of the tongue 

 around the basal portion. This is exemplified by Hylocichla guttata 

 (fig. 106), Myadestes townsendi (fig. 105), Mimus polyglottos leu- 

 coptenis (fig. 107), and Sialia mexicana (fig. 108). 



Polioptila caerulea ohscura (fig. 116) does not have this arrange- 

 ment, but is supplied with only a single posterior row while the tip 

 is considerably frayed. 



Cinclus mexicanus (fig. 110), of the family Cinclidae, has a simple 

 rather fleshy tongue slightly curled and frayed. 



The wrens, Troglodytidae, are marked by very thin, horny, trans- 

 lucent, long tongues through which the contained bones are plainly 

 visible. The posterior spines are prominent and needlelike, while 

 the main postero-lateral projections consist of prominent rounded 

 horny spines; an apperance that is quite characteristic, and is not 

 lacking even in that non wrenlike form Heleodytes hrwfineicapillus 

 couesL Figures 112 and 111 represent this organ as seen in Catherpes 

 mexicanus punctulatus and Thryomanes hewicki charienturus, re- 

 spectively. 



Chamma fasdata has a trough-shaped square-tipped tongue well 

 supplied with entangling hairlike processes very suggestive of that 



