ART. 25 GENERA SIPHOGENERINA AND PAVONINA CUSHMAN 5 



outside the reef. Millett records both microspheric and megalo- 

 spheric specimens from the Malay region. Heron-Allen and Earland 

 had it from five stations in their Kerimba Archipelago collections. 

 Dakin records it as ''sparingly," Gulf of Manaar. Sidebottom's 

 specimens are from 465 fathoms off the East Coast of Australia. 

 Heron-Allen and Earland record it from the Antarctic Expedition 

 material dredged by the Terra Nova off Three Kings Island, New 

 Zealand, 90-120 fathoms and from Lord Howe Island in the Pacific. 



I have had it from the Pacific from off Japan in 44 and 361 fathoms, 

 between Yokohama and Guam in 1,208 fathoms, and in 271 fathoms 

 off the Hawaiian Islands. It occurred at several stations in the 

 Samoan collections, most common at the deepest station, 50 fathoms, 

 and at numerous stations in the Philippine region, 78-554 fathoms. 



In the Atlantic it is rare, and the only records are from the western 

 tropical portions. It occurred rarely but well developed in the 

 shallow-water material from the Tortugas region, and at a single 

 Albatross station off Central America in 382 fathoms. 



There are very few records of its occurrence in the fossil state. 

 Schubert records it from the ''Neogene" of Sanaibas, in the 

 Bismarck Archipelago, and from a ''coral-sand" probably Pleistocene 

 of Maria Island in the Paumotu group. Yabe and Hanzawa 

 record it as rare from the Pliocene shell beds of Nojima, and 

 as rare at Nagamura, Japan. Heron-Allen and Earland record 

 a questionable specimen from New Zealand of sub-fossil char- 

 acter. Halkyard ^ records the species from the Eocene Blue Marl 

 of Biarritz. The editors of Halkyard's paper, Heron-Allen and Ear- 

 land, make the following note as to these specimens. " They are 

 much longer and narrower than any specimens of S. raphanus that 

 we have ever seen, and there is no evidence of any uvigerine com- 

 mencement. We should have ascribed them with little hesitation 

 to Nodosaria ohliqua (Linne)." This then removes from consider- 

 ation this Eocene material which is so far out of the known range of 

 the species. 



The species is in its typical form one of characteristic distribution, 

 mainly Indo-Polynesian, ranging from the Kerimba Archipelago 

 across the Indian Ocean, extending northward to Japan, Guam, and 

 the Hawaiian Islands, and southward to New Zealand. It also 

 extends into the western tropical Atlantic, but seems to be rare. As 

 a fossil it occurs in the late Tertiary of Japan and the Bismarck 

 Archipelago. 



« Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit. Philos. Soc. vol., 62, 1919, p. 38. 



