No. 1.] CHALMERS — GLACIAL PHENOMENA. 39 



feet above sea level, and presents a bold escarpment or mountain 

 flank towards the estuary of the Restigouche and the Bay Chaleur. 

 Lower margins, however, fringe the coast at intervals. At Nou- 

 velle and Tracadiegash this plateau juts into the Bay and rises 

 into lofty peaks (Nouvelle Mountain, 1058 feet, Tracadiegash 

 Mountain, 1865 feet high). East of the indendation known as 

 Cascapedia Bay the coast region, although not so high as that 

 just described, nevertheless maintains to a certain extent the 

 aspect of an undulating elevated district, exhibiting steep banks 

 and cliiFs in many places, with an ascending surface behind 

 which merges into the hill ranges that form the axis of the 

 peninsula. 



A portion of this mountainous region crosses to the south side 

 of the Restigouche at Dalhousie, rising into a series of narrow 

 parallel hill ranges, composed chiefly of trap, which occupy a 

 width of three or four miles on the south side of the estuary, 

 and run nearly east and west or parallel to the river, varying in 

 height from 500 to 1000 feet, with intervening longitudinal 

 valleys. All these valleys, including that of the Restigouche, are 

 evidently of pre-glacial origin. These hill ranges extend, with 

 some interruptions, south-west, increasing in breadth and height 

 to the Upsalquitch (a tributary of the Restigouche on the south 

 side, thirty-five miles distant from Dalhousie), where they merge 

 into the highland area in the north-west of the Province. Near 

 the junction of these two rivers the twin peaks, Squaw's Cap and 

 Slate Mountain may be seen, reaching elevations of more than 

 2000 feet above the sea. Along the Upsalquitch, which descends 

 to the Restigouche in nearly a north-west course, and is about 

 forty-five miles long, the general level is elevated from 500 to 700 

 feet, while several portions of the district rise much higher. 

 Prof. Hind, in his "Preliminary Report on the Geology of New 

 Brunswick " (1864), gives the altitudes of several peaks to the 

 east of that river, among them the Blue Mountains, a ridge near 

 the source of Jacquet river, all of which are from 1000 to 

 1400 feet above the sea. Not far from the head waters of the 

 Upsalquitch are the central highlands of the Province, where 

 several mountains loom up to heights of 2200 feet, and within 

 the limits of which some of our principal rivers have their 

 sources. 



Between this Upsalquitch district and the Bay Chaleur lies 

 an area extending from the Dalhousie hills, on the west, to the 



