No. 1.] CHALMERS — GLACIAL PHENOMENA. 45 



is overlain by stratified fossiliferous clay. At Nash's Creek it 

 likewise appears in a bank on the Bay shore, attaining a height 

 of sixty feet or more where the Intercolonial railway intersects it. 

 In both of these localities it consists of a stifi" clay containing a 

 good many boulders, a few of which are scratched. The largest 

 proportion of them have evidently been transported from the 

 west. For example, at Campbellton, considerable quantities of 

 boulders of a peculiar sort of felsite were distributed in the " till," 

 which had been brought from rocks from half a mile to one and a 

 half miles distant to the west. At Nash's Creek boulders of a 

 certain kind of red conglomerate and of trap were met with, which 

 seemed to have been carried distances of from three to six miles 

 in the same direction. 



The till at the Nepisiguit river occurs on its left bank and is 

 best seen in a cutting of the Intercolonial railway which is about 

 seventy-five feet above the sea. Dr. Honeyman, who visited this 

 spot, refers to it in one of his papers, entitled : " A month among 

 the geological formations of New Brunswick." Here its color and 

 composition are much different from those of the Restigouche 

 clays, being of a reddish tint, which is derived from the sub- 

 jacent Lower Carboniferous sandstones, and it is more arenaceous 

 and not so compact. 



The " till," as observed at Campbellton and Nash's Creek, seems 

 to have been thrown down in the lee of low hills, occurring at 

 the former place to the east of the elevation immediately behind 

 the village. At Nash's Creek it lies on the coast behind a low 

 swell of limestone and other rocks to the west. 



Evidences of the general eastward movement of the ice-sheet 

 are also abundant, from the transport of loose boulders or erratics 

 strewn on the surface in many places within this region. In the 

 majority of cases these appear to be derived from rocks in situ 

 a few miles to the west of where they are found. At Petite 

 Roche and Ni^radoo river I saw numerous laro;e blocks of lime- 

 stone and greenstone (diorite) which had their parent beds at 

 Elm Tree river, three or four miles distant. The drift, including 

 boulders, at Little Belledune also appears to have been carried 

 in a similar direction from a patch of Lower Carboniferous 

 sandstones, the red-colored debris overlying the limestones and 

 other rocks to the east of these. Between Nigadoo and Bathurst, 

 however, the district is strewn with the fragments of rocks, the 

 largest proportion of which occur in situ in the vicinity. 



