54 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [Vol. X, 



surf:ice from higher levels every summer would be sufficient to 

 transport this cfeirifus, which included coarse gravel pebbles and 

 small boulders, to the terminal ice-front. 



There are certain masses of clay, sand and gravel incorporated 

 in this kame, however, without stratification. These have prob- 

 ably been dropped down en masse from the melting ice-sheet 

 without undergoing the sorting action of the currents. 



What the height of the land was at this period I have had, 

 as already intimated, no means of ascertaining. At the time 

 the Bay Chaleur glacier had attained its maximum thickness and 

 extent the region probably stood somewhat above the present 

 level. For, it it is difficult to imagine the moving ice-sheet 

 clinging so closely to its bed and following the different courses 

 of the Bay Chaleur valley, if the sea then stood at its present 

 height, or was above it relative to the land. As the melting of 

 the glacier is supposed to have taken place during the period of 

 subsidence, the region was therefore slowly sinking beneath the 

 waters of the Bay when the deposition of the sand and gravel 

 beds occurred, and probably was not very far from the level at 

 which it now is. 



Some facts obtained in the course of my examination of this 

 district would lead me to infer that the oscillations of level which 

 the Bay Chaleur region underwent in the Post-Pliocene epoch 

 have not been so great as appear to have taken place in the 

 St. Lawrence valley. Among them, I may mention the position 

 of the stratified marine clays and sands (Leda clay and Saxicava 

 sand), which, as already stated, have not been observed at greater 

 heights than 100 to 150 feet ; and the preservation of the ice- 

 markings on exposed rocks and ledges above that level in places 

 where we might expect them to have been obliterated, had the 

 sea covered them and subjected the rocky slopes to the action of 

 the waves and coast ice. But further observation on this point 

 is required. 



