No. 4.] CHALMERS — SURFACE GEOLOGY. 195 



TILL, OR BOULDER CLAY. 



In addition to the places mentioned in my former paper till 

 was observed at Jacquet River, on the right bank near its 

 mouth. Here it consists of a coarse, reddish clay and gravel 

 derived from subjacent Lower Carboniferous rocks, and contains 

 glaciated transported boulders. 



It is also met with on the west side of the mouth of Nigadoo 

 River, forming the basal portion of a bluff on the shore. 



Also on the banks of the Tattagouche River, near Brown's 

 mill, where it is coui posed principally of the dibris of the granite 

 rocks occurring in the vicinity. The river has apparently worn 

 a passage for itself through the till at some points, as it is seen 

 on opposite sides of the stream. 



On the banks of the Nepisiguit there is evidently a consider- 

 able bed of till. This was referred to in my former paper, but 

 a further examination during the past summer showed that my 

 remarks are applicable only to the upper portion of the deposit, 

 and that the lower portion is a coarse, gray, granitic dihris packed 

 with boulders, chiefly of granite, derived from the rocks of the 

 neighbourhood. 



The foregoing data showing the occurrence of the till along the 

 banks of the principal rivers would indicate that it must origin- 

 ally have been deposited in these river valleys to a considerable 

 depth, probably fillitjg some of them entirely, and that it has 

 subsequently been denuded by the action of the streams, the 

 deposits met with on their banks now being only remnants of the 

 original mass. 



ERRATICS, OR LOOSE BOULDERS. 



Great quantities of loose boulders are strewn over the surface 

 or embedded at a slight depth in the soil, within the region em~ 

 braced in my observations. In general they appear to have 

 been shifted eastwardly or northeastwardly from the original rock. 

 It is often very difficult to trace them to their parent beds, but in 

 the case of the granite blocks we know of only one source whence 

 they could be derived, namely the granite belt running southwest- 

 ward from B itliurst. Now in regard to these, it may be stated 

 that they are strewn about on both sides of the granite axis, 

 having been met with on the northwest side at Nigadoo River 

 and even at Elm Tree, ten miles or more from their source, 

 becoming scarcer however, the farther we recede from the granite 



