208 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [Vol. I. 



estuar}- of the Restigouche there are similar formations, especially 

 at the mouths of tributary streams. 



The material of the higher terraces is often a fine stratified 

 gray or bluisli gray sand, in some places changing to a brown or 

 reddish sand, and near its upper sujface containing water-worn 

 pebbles occasionally arranged in layers. In parts of the country 

 where these sands are not arranged in terraces they are stony, 

 and vary in character from a fine quartzose sand to coarse gravel 

 and boulders. Where they are found overlying or flanking the 

 kame deposit.-? they are composed largely of material derived 

 from them, rendering it often difficult to distinguish one forma- 

 tion from the other. 



These marine sands have not been observed at a greater 

 height than 125 to 150 feet above the sea, and their extreme 

 thickness does not exceed 50 to 60 feet. They graduate almost 

 imperceptibly into the recent marine sands composing the present 

 beaches and .sand dunes. 



The terraces in the marine beds of this district are usually 

 three in number, the highest 125 to 150 feet above tide level as 

 already stated, and the two lower at about 70 to 75 feet and 25 

 to 30 feet respectively. The last two have been formed by 

 erosion of the stratified clays and sands as the land rose. And 

 it would really seem as if their had been a pause at intervals in 

 the upward movement, allowing greater denudation and terrace 

 making along sea borders at certain levels, although these pheno- 

 mena can, in several places, be accounted for by the looseness or 

 weakness of the strata at these levels, and their compactness or 

 power of resisting erosion at others. A 14 to 15 feet terrace 

 was observed in some of the estuaries, and also others at less 

 heights. The 125 to 150 feet terrace is the most extensive, and 

 seems to be the upper limit of the marine formations on the 

 southern side of the Bale de Chakiir during the Post-Pliocene 

 epoch. 



FRESH WATER FORMATIONS, RIVER TERRACES, ETC. 



Besides the deposits just described consisting of stratified 

 marine clays and sands, other beds are met with on the higher 

 lauds and more especially in river valleys in the interior, which 

 have evidently been formed by the action of water, but bear no 

 traces of marine life. The great bulk of these deposits is sand 

 and gravel, with layers of clay or loam sometimes interstratified, 



