No. 5.] SPENCER — SURFACK GEOLOGY. 275 



Age of the Niagara Escarpment . — This is manifestly of Pre- 

 glacial date, and owes its origin to subaerial and fluviatible action 

 before the advent of the Ice Aiie. 



V. — General Glactation of the Country. 



The ghiciation of the eastern part of the Province of Ontario 

 is generally south-eastward in the basin of the Ottawa river, but 

 OD the northern side of Lake Ontario it is Lrenerallv south-west- 

 ward until we pass the region of the Dundas valley. 



The country north of Lakes Superior and Huron, as well a.s 

 along the eastern portion of the latter lake, have the ice mark- 

 ings also in a general south-west direction. But from the height 

 of land between the three great lakes (Huron. Ontario and Erie), 

 the striations are more frequently towards the south-east. This 

 direction continues to the Townships of Beverley and the north- 

 ern portion of West Flaniboro. It also continu(!S along the 

 Grand river valley, in the Niagara peninsuhi. as is shown at Yotk 

 (a short distance east of Seneca). But along the Niagara escarp 

 ment, on the northern side of Dundas (in the township of West 

 Flaniboro) we find several sets of striations, the prevailing direc- 

 tion being westward, or a few degrees south of west. On the 

 escarpment south of Ancaster and Hamilton there are .>^everal 

 sets of ice-grooves, but these vary generally from S 40^ W to S 60'^ 

 W, — being more to the southward than those on the north side 

 of Dundas. The same remark applies to th<; country tiirther 

 eastward, even to the Niagara river. In many places two or 

 even four or five difi*erent .sets of ice-markini's are seen. 



The following table represents some of the principal glacial 

 markings, adjacent to the western end of Lake Ontario, 



List of Ice Groov^es. 



No. LOCALITY. DIRKCTION. 



West Flamboro (Township -. — 



Near « Peak," at Dundas, prevailing ) „, 

 grooves j 



Near "Peak," at Dundas. other grooves. N. 73° W. 



" " « % " * N. 83° W. 



u a « u ^_ g7o W_ 



" " « " S. 80° W. 



About 2 m. ' S. Strabane (Bell) S. 49° E. 



S. of Flamboro village (Bell) l^" ^* J^gy^J^^y^ ^*^^'"*' 



" « « •• S. 24° W. 



Some arc 

 - curved in 

 same set. 



