No. 5.] SPENCER — SURFACE GEOLOGY. 299 



may be seen from Toronto westw«ard along the Toronto, Grey and 

 Bruce railway. The elevations and locations were kindly fur- 

 nished me by Edmund Wraujie, Esq., the chief engineer of the 

 railway. These sand and gravel deposits occur at the following 

 elevations above Lake Ontario :— 160, 280, 370, 710, 990, 1340 

 feet respectively. After passing the summit of the road (1462 

 feet above Lake Ontario) and descending towards Lake Huron 

 there are o-ravel beds at 1310 and 1000, and several beds with 

 elevations down to 697 feet above Lake Ontaio. Along 

 the western branch of the road there are also gravel deposits at 

 1299, 1130, 1050. 870. 850 and 830 feet above Lake Ontario. 



Beaches Ailjacent to Litke.s Superior <uid Huron. — The " Ge- 

 ology of Canada"' contains the following list of beaches adjacent 

 to Lake Superior, near Petits Escrits, at 398, 408, 458, 502, 627, 

 635 and 699 feet above Lake Ontario. At Owen Sound there 

 are beaches at 120, 150 and 200 feet above Lake Huron, or 

 466, 496 and 546 feet above Lake Ontario. 



Beaches South of Lake Ontario. — Along the Great Western 

 railway, adjacent to the valley of St. David's, (filling a portion of 

 the canon of the interii;lacial Niauara river) there is a beach at 

 386 (to about 250) feet above L:ike Ontario. 



I have not been able to obtain the list of any series of terraces 

 and Ancient beaches in New York State. Prof. Hall places the 

 hiohest "lake ridiic " at 190 feet. I have observed the old beach 

 adjacent to the Seneca lake and at the north end of Skaneatles 

 lake, which reach to an elevation 860 feet above the sea, and have 

 placed the top of this east beach about (613-1-12) 625 feet above 

 Lake Ontario. 



Gravel Ridges South-West of Lake Erie, have been observed 

 by Messrs. G. K. Gilbert and Winchell at 490, 386, 408, 350, 

 220, 195, 165, and 90—65 feet above Lake Erie. 



Arfemesia Gravel and Oak Ridge. — All the higher beds of 

 stratified sand and gravel along the Toronto, Grey and Bruce 

 railway are within the area of Dr. Bell's Artemesia. gravel, which 

 forms a slightly curved belt 100 miles long and about 23 miles 

 broad, facing the Ontario valley. The belt extends from near 

 Owen Sound, on Georgian bay, to near the city of Brantford. 



Dr. Bell describes the Artemesia <^ravel as follows: — "This 

 great belt of gravel has a giiueral parallelism with the Niagara 

 escarpment, and follows the highest ground of the peninsula. The 

 materials composing it consist principally of the ruins of the 



