No. »5.] DAWKINS — THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN. 367 



proved by the raised beach at Brighton, at Bracklesham, and 

 elsewhere, wliich marks the sea line of the hir2;est island of the 

 archipelago, the southern island as it may be termed, the northern 

 shores of which extended along a line passing from Bristol to 

 London. The northern shore of the Continent at this time ex- 

 tended eastward from Abbeville north of the Erz<2ebir2;e, through 

 Saxony and Poland, into the middle of Russia, Scandinavia being 

 an island from which the glaciers descended into the sea. 



This geographical change was accompanied by a corresponding 

 change in climate. Glaciers descended from the higher moun- 

 tains to the sea level, and icebergs, melting as they passed south- 

 wards, deposited their burdens of clay, sand, and erratics, which 

 occupy such a wide area in the portion then submerged of Britain 

 and the Continent. 



This depression was followed by a re-elevation, by which the 

 British Isles, again formed a part of the Continent, and all the 

 laro-e tract of countrv within the 100-fa thorn line again became 

 the feedinii'-srrounds of the Pleistocene Mammalia. 



An appeal to the animals associated with the River-drift im- 

 plements will not help us to fix the exact relation of man to these 

 changes, because they were in Britain before as well as after the 

 submergence and were living throughout in those parts of Europe 

 which were not submerged. It can only be done in areas where 

 the submergence is clearly defined. At Salisbury, for instance^ 

 the River-drift hunter may have lived either before, during or 

 after the southern counties became an island. When, however, 

 he hunted the woolly and leptorhine rhinoceros, the mammoth, 

 and the horse in the neighborhood of Brighton, he looked down 

 upon a broad expanse of sea, in the spring flecked with small 

 ieebergs, such as those which dropped their burdens in Brackle- 

 sham Bay. At Abbeville, too, he hunted the mammoth, rein- 

 deer, and horse down to the mouth of the Somme on the shore of 

 the glacial sea. 



The evidence is equally clear that the River-drift hunter fol- 

 lowed the chase in Britain after it had emerged from beneath the 

 waters of the glacial sea, from the fact that the river deposits in 

 which his implements occur either rest u[on the glacial clays, or 

 are composed of fragments derived from them, as in the oft- 

 quoted cases of Hoxne and Bedford. Further, it is very pro- 

 bable that he may have wandered close up to the edge of the 

 glaciers then covering the higher hills of Wales and the Pennine 

 chain. 



