Mesozoic and Ccenozofc Geology and Palcjeontology. 15 



greeusand, Gavialis neocoesariensis^ now Thoracosaurus neocaisarlen- 

 sis. 



In 1843, Prof. Mather* ascertained that beneath the drift, and above 

 the New Red Sandstone, there exists a deposit of sand, claj-, giavel and 

 pebbles, on the Island of New York, Staten Island, Long Island and 

 Gardener's, Plum, Shelter, Governor's and Bellow's Islands, which he 

 referred- to the Cretaceous. Sections furnished b\^ the digging of wells 

 indicated a thickness of 80 or 90 feet. He also regarded the exposure 

 of trappean rocks in Rockland and Richmond counties, New York, as 

 more recent than the New Red Sandstone. 



In 1844, Dr. Mortonf described, from New Jersey, Crocodihis cla- 

 virostris. And Dr. Robert W. Gibbes, from the greensand near the 

 Santee canal, about 3 miles from Cooper river, in South Carolina, Doru- 

 don sen'atus, now Thoracosaurus neocmsariensis 



In 1845,+ Lj^ell and Sowerby described, from Timber creek, New 

 Jersey, Ostrea subspatulata, Lyell and Forbes described Lima reticul- 

 ata, Terehratula vanuxemi, now Terehratella vanuxemi, Bulla mor- 

 ^OTZJ, and William Lonsdale described JcZwo^iea contortilis, Tuhulipora 

 megoira, now Fllifascigera mega;ra, and Cellepora tubulata. 



Goldfuss described§ Ifosasaurus maximiUani, now Ji. missuriensis. 



In 1846, Di". Ferdinand Roemer|| ascertained the character of the 

 Cretaceous rocks of Texas, and compared them with the chalk of 

 Europe, and greensand of New Jerse}^, and claimed that they repre- 

 sented the upper part of the Cretaceous formation. Ke mentioned their 

 occurrence at New Braunfels, and ranging very far on both sides of 

 the Guadiiloupe, and everywhere parallel to the chain of high hills 

 which separate the Indian country from the settled part of Texas. He 

 followed them as far as Austin on the Colorado, and collected fossils 

 in them at San Antonio, and on the Pedernales river. East of a line 

 drawn through San Antonio, New Braunfels and Austin, the surface is 

 covered with strata more recent than the Cretaceous; it is generally 

 composed of a thick diluvium' of loose materials, consisting either of 

 a fertile vegetable mould, or of rounded pieces of h\' drate of iron, or of 

 sand and gravel. 



In 1848,^ he stated that an ideal line, drawn from Presidio de Rio 

 Grande, on the Rio Grande, in a N. E. direction, and crossins^ the San 



* Geo. Sur. N. Y. t Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 



X Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc-, vol. 1. 



§ Act. Nov. Leop. Caes. Nat. Cur. 



II Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, 2d ser , vol. 1. 



H Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, 2'1 ser vol 6. 



