Archaeological Explorations near 3Iadisonville, Ohio. 



49 



pied as winter quarters by the snails, some dying, and thus accumula- 

 ting from year to year. 



On ^londay, April 14, work was resumed, two men being employed in 

 excavating. Five skeletons were exhumed, all in a horizontal position. 

 A finely finished pipe, of curious form, and made of dark red catlinite, 

 was found (fig. 7). 



Fig. 7. Catlinite Pipe (E. A. Conkling). 



The following day, five skeletons in one group, all in sitting posi- 

 tions, and a small thin piece of copper, about one inch square, were 

 found. 



Wednesday, April 16, three skeletons, five vessels, and a number of 

 flint implements were exhumed. Two of these crania have been pre- 

 sented to the Smithsonian Institution, and Dr. Emil Bessels, anthro- 

 j)ologist to the Institution, has reported on them as follows: 



" Skull marked No. 1, is evidentlj^ that of a male. It is YQvy large, 

 with strong, muscular insertions, especially in the parietal and occipi- 

 tal regions. The osseous tissue is rather incompact, and in conse- 

 quence the skull itself is rather light, like the bones of those savage 

 tribes living mainly on vegetable food. The two teeth that are left 

 in the upper jaw show strong marks of caries, something not often met 

 with among North American Indians. The frontal bone shows a 

 number of osteophytic formations. Age between 40 and 45 years. 



'' Skull marked No. 2 is that of a female, and exhibits a number of 

 characters common amongst low races. It is highly prognathous ; 

 its cheek bones are high ; it has a broad, nasal bridge, and a large, 

 nasal meatus ; the frontal region is narrow ; the parietal tubers are 

 strongly marked. Between the linea suprema, and the linea inferior, 

 of the occipital, that characteristic formation is found to which Ecker 

 has latel}' drawn attention, and which he calls the sorus occipitalis. 



