The Mammalia of the Vicinity of Cincinnati. 299 



Madisonville ancient cemetery. This and the succeeding species are 

 DOW exceeding!}^ rare, if not entirel}^ extirpated, in Ohio. 



2. Lynx rufus, Rafinesque. — American Wild Cat. — Remains 

 identified in companj^ with those of the preceding species. Mr. 

 Quick notes its capture, within thirty years, near Brookville, Indiana ; 

 and Dr. Raymond mentions it as "rare," in his list of the Mammals of 

 Franklin county, Indiana.* 



Family II. — Canid^ : The Dogs. 



3. Canis lupus, Linnaeus. — Wolf. — Identified from remains found 

 in the Madisonville ancient cemetery. 



4. Canis latrans domesticus. — American Dog. — Canine crania, 

 showing marked shortening, and other evidences of domestication, are 

 of frequent occurrence in the Madisonville ancient cemetery. Adopt- 

 ing Dr. Coues' viewf of the ancestry of the aboriginal dogs of North 

 America, this animal may be designated as above. The name might 

 very properly be objected to, however, on the ground that our Common 

 Wolf {C. lupus) would probably be as susceptible of domestication as 

 the Coyote, and in this region was more likely to have been the animal 

 selected. 



5. VuLPES VULGARIS PENNSYLVANicus, Coucs. — Red Fox / Cross Fox; 

 Silver Fox ; Black Fox. — (These various common names indicate only 

 local, geographical or accidental variations in the same species.) Still 

 a resident in limited numbers, within a few (6 or 8) miles of Cincinnati; 

 and several instances of its capture during the past ten years are 

 known. A nearly complete skull has been found in the ash-pits of the 

 Madisonville ancient cemetery. This fact is of importance as contro- 

 verting the theor^^ that the Red Fox is exclusively an introduced 

 species, imported by early Virginian settlers from Europe, as the inter- 

 ments in this cemetery undoubtedly antedate the settlement of Vir- 

 ginia, and are believed b}^ many to be pre-Columbian. 



6. Urooyon cinereo-argentatus (Schreber), Coues. — Gray Fox. — 

 Two or three nearl}^ complete crania, recovered from the " ash-pits" in 

 the Madisonville ancient cemetery. The Gra}' Fox is still probably 

 of occasional occurrence in this region, though, as far back as 1838, 

 Prof. Kirtland speaks of its rapid disappearance before advancing 

 civilization, and its general replacement by the Red Fox. 



* Indiana Agricultural and Geological Eeports, 1869, p. 203. 



i Vide American Naturalist, vol. i,, 1867, p. 289, et seq; Ibid 1873, p. 385. These papers 

 are abstracted by Drs. Coues and Yarrow in chapter 2, volume v., of Wheeler's Surveys west 

 of the 100th Meridian, pp. i4-ol. 



