EIGENMANN: the PYGIDIID^, a family of south AMERICAN CATFISHES. 327 



Head 5.5; D. 7 or 8; P. 6. Eye in anterior half of the head, about five times 

 in the length of the head, less than the snout, about two times in interorbital. Teeth 

 conical, in a single series; maxillary barbel extending to the tips of the interopercular 

 spines; axillary glands large; opercular and interopercular bunches of spines similar, 

 separate from each other; gill-membranes united, free from the isthmus; pectoral 

 very narrow, about equal to the head in length, the first ray prolonged; origin of 

 dorsal over origin of anal, its distance from the base of the caudal two in its distance 

 from the eye or occiput, equidistant from tip of caudal and middle of pectoral; 

 origin of vcntrals nearer snout than tip of caudal; caudal rounded, merging into 

 the large accessory rays. 



Translucent, with many chromatophores; dusky spots on the back from a short 

 distance in front of the dorsal to the caudal; a dark bar across base of caudal; dark 

 spots, similar to those of the back, from between ventrals and anal to the caudal ; a 

 series of minute spots along the middle of the sides; a small spot on opercle, another 

 on the interopercle, a dark line forward from the eye; a minute spot on base of 

 ventrals. 



Species from Southeastern Brazil. 



The mountain brooks of southeastern Brazil from Rio Grande do Sul to the 

 Rio San Francisco harbor a number of species. One of these, P. iheringi, has 

 broad incisors, a number are known to have pointed teeth, while the rest, nigricans, 

 minutum, goeldii, itatiaycc and punctatissimum, I have not been able to examine. 

 They have the following distribution : 



P. minutum Southern Rio Grande. 



P. nigricans Santa Catherina. 



P. davisi Rio Tguassu, southern Sao Paulo. 



P. proops Ribeira, southern Sao Paulo and Rio Parahyba. 



P. iheringi Ribeira, Santos, and Sapina, Sao Paulo. 



P. paolence Northern Sao Paulo. 



P. goeldii Parahyba basin. 



P. vermiculatum Parahyba basin. 



P. immaculatum Parahyba basin; Sao Matheos; Goyaz. 



P. braziliense ? Rio Grande do Sul, ? Rio Ribeira; Rio das Velhas; Rio Doce. 



P. itatiayce Parahyba basin. 



P. triguttatum Parahyba basin. 



P. reinhardti Burmier, into Rio das Velhas. 



P. alternatum Rio Doce. ' 



P. punctatissimMm Araguay. 



P. santoe-rita: Rio Preto. 



