412 A. S. PACIvARD, JR., ON GYNANDROMORPHISM 



intimate mixture of the two sexes, in which, however, the female form predominates. The 

 autenuiB are neither exckisively male nor female. The wings on the right side are a mixture 

 of the two sexes, while those on the left are female with some masculine features. The 

 ahdomen in form, size and color was feminine and contained eggs. The external organs 

 were feminine, but still the anal opening was very different from that of the ordinary 

 female, and m some respects represented similar parts in the male. It will be seen above 

 that these parts in the female CaUosamia Promeihea did not differ from those in the nor- 

 mal female. In M. Guenee's specimen we apparently have the external genital parts 

 affected by the gynandromorphism. 



I am not aware that any Lepidoptera have been examined with the internal genital 

 organs affected, as the examples thus far have not been preserved in alcohol. The best 

 defined cases of gynandromorphism are those described in the honey bee by Siebold.' In 

 these cases the internal and external organs are mixed together much as the other external 

 characters. The sting with its vesicle and gland was present, though soft, in the drone, and 

 in females the ovaries and also the spermaries were present, though the ovaries contained 

 no eggs. 



As to the cause of gynandromorphism, Siebold's explanation that it is due to an imperfect 

 fecundation of the ovum seems most probable ; these cases seem to me to be paralleled by 

 the occurrence of hybridity between two species, the result being an irregular fusion of the 

 characters of both species. Both seem to indicate that sexual characters, as well as specific 

 characters, are determined at the time of impregnation. 



Explanation of Plate xiv. 



Fig. 1. Gynandromorphous CaUosamia Promeihea, female. 



1 a. Abdomen of gyuaudromorplious female denuded. 1 b, the same seen from above, 1 c, 1 d, fore legs 

 on different sides of the same specimen, denuded. 



Fig. '2. Gynandromorphous CaUosamia Promeihea, male. 

 All ilrawn on stone by Mr. S. E. Cassiuo. 



^ Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftlielie Zoologie, 1864, p. 73. 



