416 S. H. SCUDDER ON THE STRUCTURE AND 



organ forms a large, semicylindrlcal, superior shield, broader than long, strongly arched lat- 

 erally, with a slight median excision and acicular, strongly curved, pointed arms, directed at 

 first inward, forward and downward until they meet, and then suddenly backward. The 

 clasps form a pair of broad, nearly flat, horizontally extended alations destitute of any ele- 

 vated processes. 



From this review of the characters of the perfect insect, the only stage hitherto well 

 known to naturalists, it is evident that Euma3us should be classed with the Ephori ; the 

 fore legs of the male are amply provided with spines beneath and even show signs of the 

 paronychia present on the other legs ; and the subcostal nervure of the fore wings is fur- 

 nished with only two superior, and two inferior nervules, (the latter the discoidal nervures 

 of the English entomologists,) while in all Vestales there are at least three superior subcos- 

 tal nervui'es.^ 



Its affinities to the Armati (or hairstreaks) are the strongest, both on account of the char- 

 acteristics of structure in the fore tarsi of the male and the presence of but two superior 

 subcostal nervures to the fore wing, instead of three, as in the Adolescentes (or blues) and 

 Villicantes (or coppers) ; in the structure of the antennce it also resembles the Armati 

 more than the other groups ; but it differs from all other of our native Ephori in a most 

 striking manner in the obsolescence of the nervule at the base of the terminal subcostal 

 nervule in all the wings ; and also in the tapering of the antenniB at the tip of the club, and 

 in the horizontal position of the nearly straight, middle joint of the palpi ; so that it evi- 

 dently must form a group apart from the three with which we have compared it, above 

 and of equal value to each of them ,: to this group we may appl}^ the name Eumoeidaj first 

 given to it by Dou1)leday, the name Eumenides previously applied by Boisduval being ex- 

 cluded from its gallic dress. 



The caterpillar and chrysalis of Eumcms Atala have recently been obtained by Dr. Palmer 

 and Mr. Maynard, and placed in my hands for examination by my friend Dr. Packard. These 

 will aid us in determining the position of the group. The chrysalis has been described 

 briefly by Westwood,^ but incorrectly, so that it seems a little doubtful whether he had the 

 proper form before him or not. The egg was also collected by Dr. Palmer, but the speci- 

 mens were lost ; this, however, would have been of less aid than either the larva or chrys- 

 alis ; for few as have been the descriptions of the larvte and pupae of Vestales, but a single 

 egg of one of that subfamily is known ; this is that of the European species and is described 

 as being almost globular, smooth and shining, and, therefore, \cry different from that of the 

 Ephori, which are always echinoid, or senii-echinoid in shape and have then- surface studded 

 with numerous and deep pits. 



The caterpillars brought home by Dr. Palmer represent the last three stages of this 

 period of E. Atala. Of these the final stage differs remarkably from the penultimate and 

 antepenultimate, which, in their turn, resemble each other very closely, and for our j^resent 

 purposes need not be separately described. In these two stages (figs. 3-5) the caterpillar 

 bears very little resemljlance to the ordinary type of larvte among Ephori. It is nearly 

 cylindrical, long and slender, with distinct, even pretty well developed prolegs, a rather 

 Lirge head, only partially retractile within the first thoracic segment, and this segment 



1 Bates mentions an cxocjition in the genu-: Isapis, in -wliicli - Genera Uiiirn. Lepidoptera, 4G9-470. 



no nei-vtire at all is emitted before the end of the eell. 



