32 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Hlrundo Lin. 1758. 



<^lim.—Hirundo Lix. S. N. ed. 10, I, p. 191. 



= ISVi .—Eirundo Forster, Syn. Cat. Brit. B. p. 55 (nee BoiE, 1822), (type H. urUca 



Lin.). 

 — 1822.— CheUdon BoiE, Isis, 1822 p. 550 (nee Forster, 1817) (same type). 



This genus lias no American representative. The European species 

 is Hirundo urbica LiN. 



Clivicola Forster 1817. ^ 



<1758.— ffirMW(?o Lin. S. N. ed. 10, I, p. 191. 



=1817 .—Clivicola Forster, Sya. Cat. Br. B. p. 55 (type E. riparia Lin.). 



=1817. — Biparia Forster, t. c. p. 17 (same type).* 



=1822.— Cotile BoiE, Isis, 1822, p. 550 (same type). 



=1826.—Cot>/Je BoiE, Isis, 1826, p. 971 (same type). 



In Xorth America onlj" occurs — 



1. Clivicola riparia (Lin.). 



PLECTROPHANES and CENTEOPHANES. 



In his " Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von uud fiir Dentschland oder 

 kurze Beschreibung aller Vogel Deutschlands " (Leipzic, 1803), Bech- 

 STEIN separates the FHngilla lapponica from the other Fringillie, and 

 gives to this group, which he characterizes "by having an acute pointed 

 bill with considerably i" fccted tomia, and a long straight claw on the 

 hind toe ", the name Calcarius. This is, as far as I know, not preoccu- 

 pied, and must therefore necessarily stand as the name for the genus, 

 which has F. lapponica for its type. The Snow Bunting he left in the 

 genus Fmheriza. In 1815 Dr. Bernhard Meyee, in his '' Kurze Be- 

 schreibuug der Vogel Liv- und Esthlands " created the genus Plectro- 

 plumes for the same type in the following words : " Fringilla calcarata 

 Fall, (this bird does not at all belong to the genus Fringilla, but forms a 

 separate genus, which I call Plectrophanes, Longspur)." He also did not 

 include the Snow Bunting in this genus, but treated it under the head of 

 Fmberiza, following the example of BECiiSTEiN.t In the third volume 

 of the "Taschenbuch" (1822) Mr. Meyer first unites the two species 

 under the same genus, FlectropJianes. In 1829 Jakob Katjp, in his 

 '< Skizzirte Entwickelungo-Geschichte und Natiirliches System der 

 Europiiischen Thierwelt," again separates the two species, selecting 



* Forster uses this name a few pages earlier tlian Clivicola. As, however, the 

 adoption of Biparia would necessitate the change of the specific name of H. riparia 

 into europa'a FORST. 1817 (which would be inconvenient, because the species is by no 

 means limited to Europe), or into cinerca Vieill. 1817 (which has only been used for 

 the supposed American form), I have i^referred to accept the name Clivicola. 



i Mr. Dresser in his " Birds of Europe " erroneously cites Plectrophanes lapponica 

 Mey. & Wolf, Tasch. Vog. Deutschl. I (1810), p. 187, and P. nivalis Mey. & Wolf, op. 

 cit. p. 176 ; but these authors 1. c. only give the names Fringilla calcarata and Emheriza 

 nivalis, and the word Plectroplianes is not to be found either in the first or the second 

 volume of their work. Consequently, the statement of Temminck, Man. d'Orn. 2 ed. 

 I (1820), p. 318, is also false, viz, that " Mr. Meyer has made of this species \_E. nivalis'] 

 and of the following IE. calcarata} the genus Plectrophanes." 



