PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 33 



each as type for different genera, nivalis for PlectrojJhanes and lapponiea 

 for Centroplianes^ and liereiu he has been followed by later writers. 

 But from the foregoing statement it is evident that — 



(1) Beciistein's Calcarius is the oldest name ; 



(2) the type of this is Fr. lapponiea Lin. ; 



(3) Meyer's Plectrophanes is merely a synonym of Calcarius, having 

 the same type ; 



(4) the same is the case with Kaup's Centropkanes ; 



(5) his Plectrophanes cannot be used for the genus having E. nivalis 

 for ty^ie, because preoccupied as synonymous with Calcarius ; 



(6) the genus which has E. nivalis for its type should be su])plied with 

 a new name, as no later name has been given. In order to make as 

 little change as possible, I propose for it the name Plcctrophenax* 



The synonymy of the two genera is then the following : 

 Calcarius Bechst. 1803. 

 =1803.— CaZcan'us Bechst. Taschb. Vog. Deutsclil. p. 130. (^ype FringiUa lap- 

 poniea Lix. ) 

 =\Slo.—Flectropliancs Meyer, Vog. Liv- & Estl. p. xii {nee Kaup, 1829) (same type). 

 ^1829. — Ceiifrophanes Kaup, Entw. Eur. Tliierw. p. 158 (same type). 

 =18.50. — Lcptoplectron Reichl. Av. Syst. pi. LXXV. (Type Emheriza picta Swains.) 

 To this genus belong the North American species : 



1. Calcarius lapponicus (LiN.). — Laplaud Longspur '; ' '" 



2. Crt/cartMS^ic/MS (Swains.). — Smith's Longspur ; 



3. Calcarius ornafus (Towns.). — Chestnut-collared Longspur. 



PUcirophenax Ste.jneger, 1882. 

 <[1817. — Passen'>?a ViEiLL. Analyse Ornith. j). 30 (type Tanagra cyanea Lin.) (preoccu- 

 pied in Botany). 

 =1829. — Pleclrophanes Kaup, Entw. Eur. Thierw. p. 138 {nee Meyer, 1815). (Type 

 Emheriza nivalis Lin.) 

 The North- American and only species of this genus is — 

 1. Plectroplienax nivalis (Lin.). — Snow Bunting. 



EREMOPHILA Boie, 1828, 

 cannot be used in Ornithology, because already preoccupied in Ichthyol- 

 ogy and Botany. As the following synonymy shows, the proper name 

 of the genus will be — 



Otocoris BoNAP. 1839. 



= 1828. — Ercmophila Bom, Isis, 1828, ]}. 322 (preoccupied in Botany; nee Eremopliilus 



HUMC. 1805). 

 = 1831.— P/ti?eremos Bkehm, Haudb. Vog. Deutschl. p. 312 {nee Latr. 1809). 

 = 1837.— Braehonyx Lesson, Compl. de Buffon, VIII, p. 126 (oecSwAiN*. 1827, nee 



Schonhen, 1826). 

 = 1839. — Otocoris Bp. Faun. Ital. Ucc. Introd. 

 = \S¥).—Philammm G. R. Gray, List Gen. Birds (p. 47.) 

 = 1845.— 0/oco)'His Rtjpp. Syst. Uebers. (p. 78). 

 = 1851. — Otocorys Cab. Mus. Hein. I, p. 121. 

 =:1854. — Otocoryx Light. Nouiencl. p. 38. 



t nXfjHzpov =L spur ; cpsva^ =; impostor. 



Proc. Nat. Mus. 82 3 June 5, 1883. 



