PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 39 



PAGOPHILA EBURXEA (Phipps). 



As to this bird, both the generic and the specific appellations are to 

 be changed. PagopMla is antedated by Gavia Boie, 1822, to whom tlie 

 first use of this name, as a generic one, is to be referred. Moiiring, 

 it is true, had already used the same word in another sense, but as his 

 genera are not recognized there cannot be any obstacles for adopting 

 them by later authors. Kaup's name PagopMla is 7 years younger and 

 based iiijon the same type as Boie's genus. 



Synonymy of the genus : 



Gavia-BoiE 1822, 



<1822.— Gftt)i« Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 563 (neo KAUr, 1829, nee Bruch, 1853). 



=V69Jd.—ra<joplula Kaup, Entwg. Eur. Tliierw. p. 69 («ec Pagophilus ). 



=\S\'l. — Cetosparactes Macgill, Man. Brit. Orn. II, p. 251. 



=1845. — Catospuractes G. K. Gkay, Gen. of Birds III, p. 655 (err. typoyr.) 



The Ivory Gull had already, in 1707, received a binominal appellation 

 by GuNNERUS, who applied to it the name Lams albns in the following 

 words : " Larus albus .... qui toto interdum corpore albus esse 

 & Laro cano vel & fusco magnitiidine convenire perhibetur .... 

 Ni valde fallor, Larus hie habendus est idem ac Senator Martensii, qui 

 toto corpore albus, nostro & pedibus uigris describitur esse." The 

 restoration of this name, which is 7 years older tlian the eburneus of 

 Piiipps, cannot meet with any ol*jection, as the later use of the same 

 ]iame by Scopoli and Stat. Muller never has been adopted. 



Gavia alba (Gunn.). 



Syn: 1767. — Larus alhus Gunnerus in Leem, Beskr. Fium. Lapp., p. 265 {nee Scop. 

 1769, nee S. Mull. 1776). 

 1774. — Larus eburneus Phipps, Voy. N. Pole, App. (p. 187). 

 1876. — Larus candidus O. F. Muller, Prodr. Zool. Dan. p. VIII. 

 1783. — Larus niveus Bodd., Tabl. PI. Enl. (p. 58), (nee Pall.). 

 1846. — Larus brachytarsus Holboll, Fauna Groul. (p. 52). 



LARUS GLAUCUS (Brunn.). 



The appellation of this species exhibits a close analogy to the facts 

 referred to under Archibuteo lagopus (Brunn.), and writers, who choose 

 the 12th edit, of Linn^ei Systema as the starting point for specific 

 names, will have no alternative but to adopt the name of Gunnerus, 

 given in 1707, as the bird has not recei\ed any name by Linn^us. 

 There can be no doubt as to which species the following descri])tion of 

 Gunnerus belongs : " Larus hyperborens dorso dilute ciuereo, extremi- 

 tatibus remigum albis. A Martensio in itril. Spitzberg. dicitur Ger- 

 manice Burgemeister. A Brilnn. in Ornith. p. 14, n. 14S evocatur Larus 

 glancus totus albus, dorso & alls canis, remigum extremitatibus albis." 

 Gunnerus in Leem's Beskr. Finm. Lapp. p. 283 (1707). 



