78 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



ambitus of 100 feet or more. The trunk, like tliat of the shell-bark hick- 

 ories (C. alba and C. sulcata), is very long, often measuring more than 

 50 feet, and occasionally 80 or even 90 feet, to the first limb. A very 

 large tree of this species, cut down in the " Timber Settlement," Wabash 

 County, and measured by Dr. Schneck, was found to be 175 feet high, 

 with a clear trunk 90 feet long and 10 in circumference. Another still 

 standing, only fifteen yards distant, had exactly the same circumference, 

 and apparently agreed very closely in other measurements. A very 

 fine tree in the White River bottoms of Gibson County, Indiana, was 30 

 feet in circumference at the ground and 18.} feet around above the 

 swollen base; the column-like trunk was more than 50 feet to the first 

 limb, while the lofty top spread 100 feet. Near Sandborn, in Knox 

 County, Indiana, according to Professor Collett (Cox's Geological Sur- 

 vey of Indiana., 1873, p. 364), there is a tree of this species measuring 8 

 feet in diameter, but its height is not stated. 



59. (202.) Carya porcina. '< Pig-nut"; " Broom Hickory." 

 Common, usually in upland woods. No measurements. 



60. (203.) Carya sulcata. ''Big Shell-bark"; "Bottoms Shell-bark." 



A Very common tree in rich bottom lands, where, growing to a large 

 size, and in the character of its bark, as well as in general appearance, 

 exactly resembling C. alba. For this reason it is possible that some of 

 the measurements given under 0. alba may be intended for the present 

 species. 



61. (204.) Carya tomcntosa. "Black Hickory"; " White-heart Hickory"; 

 "Bull-nut." 



A very common tree in upland woods, growing frequently more than 

 100 feet high and 3 feet or more in diameter, one specimen measuring 

 1 12 feet in length, lOJ in circumference, the trunk 55 feet. 



62. (207.) Quercus alba. White Oak. 



Perhaps the most abundant and generally distributed of all our trees, 

 growing to a large size, especially in the bottoms, where trees of this 

 species 130 feet or more in height and 3 feet in diameter are not uncom- 

 mon. Indeed, even in upland woods, the average height of the larger 

 White Oaks is 100 feet or more. Ten trees, cut for rails, on one piece 

 of ground, averaged as follows: Total length, 100.05 feet; trunk, 40.1 

 feet ; diameter (across top of stump), 2| feet. All but one grew on high 

 ground. The extremes of size were: height, 87 to 111 feet; trunk, 26 

 to 54 feet ; diameter, 2 feet 3 inches to 3 feet. One, measuring 2 feet 4 

 inches in diameter and 98 feet in height, exhibited 190 annual rings of 

 growth. All but one were perfectly solid, and the one exception was 

 hollow only in the stump, the first cut being sound. The tallest and 

 largest tree grew at the edge of the creek bottoms, its height being 111, 

 trunk 54, and diameter 3 feet. In rich bottom lands the size averages 



