PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 189 



Ctgnus Bechst. 1803. 



DiAGN. — Predominant color of the adults ivhite; young icitli doumy or 

 feathered lores, the down on the sides of the bill terminating far hael: of the 

 nostrils, and not forming distinct loral anticc; tertiaries and scapulars nor- 

 mal, not crisp ; tail longer than the middle toe icith claiv, cuneate ; inner 

 webs of outer three primaries and outer icebs of the second, third, and fourth 

 sinuated; tvebs of the feet straight, not scalloped. 



Syn.— < imS.—Cifgnus Bechst., Taschb. Vog. Deutschl. p. 404. 

 < 1840.— Cycnus Temm., Man. d'Oni. 2 ed. IV, p, 526. 

 = 18'l2.—Olor Bp., Catal. Meth. Uccell. Europ. (gen. 206). (Nee Wagl.) 



Synojjsis of the sjtecies. 



a'. Cnliuen with a knob at the base. 



bK Frontal knob larger; legs in the adults black; young gray or brownish gray, 

 with the bill lead-color. 



1. gibhus Bechst. 1809. 



h"^. Frontal knob smaller; legs in the adults gray or yellowish gray; young white, 

 with the bill light pinkish red. 



a^. Culnien without knob. 



2. immutabilis Yark. 1838, 

 3. xinwini Hume 1871. 



Cygnus gibbus Bechst. 

 Mute Swan. 



DiAGN. — Culmen with a large knob at the base ; legs in the adults blade; 

 young gray or brownish gray, with the bill lead-color. 



Syn.— 17.58.— Jjjas cygnus Linx., Syst. Nat. x, ed. I, p. 122 {part). 



1783. — Alias cygjias BODD., Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 54 (ed. Tegetm.). 



1788. — Anas olor G^KL., Syst. Nat. I, p. 501 (nee Pall. 1779 qiv.v Olor cygnus (Li.).). 



1809.— Cygnus gibbus Bechst., Genieinn. Naturg. Deutschl. IV, p. 815. 



1811.— Cygnus sibilus Pall., Zoogr. Rosso-As. II, p. 215. 



1817. — Cygnus mutus Forster, Syuopt. Cat. Br. Birds, p. 64. 



1820. — " Cygnus gibbosus Meyer," Kuhl, Buff. Fig. Av. Noni. Syst. pp. 16 and 26. 



1828.— Cygnus mansuetus Flem., Brit. Anim. (j). 126). 



1858. — ^^ Cygnus slbilans Pall.," Nilss. Skand. Fauna, Fogl. 3 ed. II, p. 386. 



This species has usually been called Cygnus olor (Gmel. nee Pall. 

 1811). But, as will be shown below, Pallas has given the name Anas 

 olor to the Hooper long before Gmelin compiled his Systema, Naturalis, 

 for which reason the name of the latter must be suppressed for the 

 present species. The matter stands as follows: Pallas, in 1779, in 

 the introduction to a treatise on Anas glocitans (Sv. Yetensk. Acad. 

 Handl. XL, p. 2G-27), says as follows: . . , "Duck-genus [Anas) 

 . . . most kinds occur very generally both in Europe, Asia, and 

 America, but not in the Tropics. Thus also ..." the Swan is to be 



