198 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



tier webs of outer three primaries, and outer icehs of the second, third, and 

 fourth, sinuated; webs of the feet not scalloped. 



Syn.— = 1832.— 0/or Wagler, Isis 1832, p. 1234 (uec Bp. 1842, quae Cijgnus). 

 \S\b.—Cijgnm Gekbe, Eev. Zool., 1845, p. 244. 



Synopsis of the spedes. 



a'. The distance from the anterior angle of the eye to the hind border of the nostrils 

 much longer than the distance from the latter to the tip of the bill. 

 b'. The yellow color at the base of the bill extending beyond the nostrils. 



1. cygnus (Lm.), 1758. 



b^. The yellow color at the base of the bill not extending to the nostrils. 



c^. Smaller: Total length about 1,150™"; middle toe with claw about 125'""; 

 the yellow spot at the base of the bill making at least i of the surface of 

 the bill and lores. 



2. hewhckii (Yarr.), 1830. 



c^ Larger: Total length about 1,400'""; middle toe with claw about 140'"'" ; 

 the yellow spot at the base of the bill making, at most, iV of the surface 

 of the bill and lores. 



3. columhianus (Ord.), 1815. 



a*. The distance from the anterior angle of the eye to the hind border of the nostrils 

 equal to the distance from the latter to the tip of the bill. 



4. hioeinator (Rich.), 1831. 



Olor cygnus (Lin.). 

 Hooper Swan. 



DiAGN. — The distance from the anterior angle of the eye to the hind 

 border of the nostrils is much longer than the distance from the latter to the 

 tip of the bill; the yellow color at the base of the bill extending beyond the 

 nostrils, malting % of the surface of the bill and lore. 



Syn. — 1758. — Anas cygnus Lixx., Syst. Nat. x ed. I, p. 122 (part). 



1779. — Anas olor Pall., Sv. Vet. Acad. Handl. XL, p. 27 (nee Gmel. 1788 quae 



Cygnus gihhus Bechst. ) 

 1809. — Cygnus musicus Bechst., Gemein. Naturg. Deutschl. IV, p. 830 (nee Bp. 



1826, qu8B 0. columUanus (Ord)). 

 1810. — Cygnus melanorhynchus Mey. & Wolf, Taschb. Vog. Deutschl. II, p. 498. 

 1816. — Cygnus ferus Leach, Syst. Cat. Mam. &, Birds, Br. Mus. (p. 37) (neo 



Bartr. 1791, quiB ? 0. columbianus (Ord)). 

 1830. — Cygnus islandicus Brehm, Isis, 1830, p. 1135 (nee Naum. 1838, quas 0. 



bewickii (Yarr) ). 

 1842. — Cygnus xanihorliinus "Navm., Vog. Deutschl. XI, p. 478. 

 1877. — Cygnus linnei Malm., Gotebs. och Bohusl. Fauna, pp. 90 and 343. 



Since Bechstein raised the specific name cygnus, given by Linn^us, 

 to the rank of a generic name, the species has been called musicus or ferus. 

 As synonymous, Cygnus olor Pall., Zoogr. Kosso-Asiat. II, p. 211 (nee 



