PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 201 



Olor bewicMi (Yaer.). 



Bewick's Swan. 



DiAGN. — The distance from the anterior angle of the eye to the hind 

 border of the nostrils is much longer than the distance from the latter to the 

 tip of the hill; the yellow color at the base of the bill does not extend to the 

 nostrils, maMng at least ^ of the surface of the bill and lores. Smaller : Total 

 length about 1150"""; middle toe with claw ahout 125"'"\ 



Syn, — 1830. — Cygnus lewickii Yarrell, Trans. Lin. Soc. XVI, p. 453 (nee Rich. 1831 



quai O. columbianus (Ord) ). 

 1838. — Cygnus islandicm Naum., Wiegm. Arcbiv, IV, 1838, p. 364 (nee Breiim, 



1830, qna; Olor cygnus (Lin.)). 

 1838. — Cygnus herwicMi Eyton, Monogr. Anat. PI. 18 (err. typ.). 

 1840. — Cygnus minor Keys. & Blas., Wirbelth. Europ. p. LXXXII. 

 1842. — Cygnus melanorhinus Naum., Vog. Deutselil. XI, p. 497.* 

 1851. — Cygnus musicus Kj.erboll., Orn. Dan., PI. XLIV (nee Bechst. quje 0. 



cygnus (Lin. ) ). 

 1854. — Cygnus americanus Hartl., Nanmannia, 1854, p. 327 (nee Siiarpl. qua9 



columbianus (Ord) ). 

 1856. — ''Cygnus altwmi Homeyer" Bp., Cat. Parzud., p. 15. 

 1866. — " Cygnus altmnii Badeker," Schlegel, Mus. P. B., VI, Anseres, p. 82. 

 1880. — Cygnus hewicki Drp:sser, Birds of Eur. pt. Ixxvii-lxsix. 



Note 1. — 111 Pallas's Zoograpliia Eosso-Asiatica I, p. 214, this 

 species is found to be separated from the common Hooper, but only as 

 variety "/5 minor'''' nnder Cygnus olor A In 1840 Keyseeling aud 

 Blasius altered the name j^iven by Pallas to a binominal, and called 

 the species minor ; but already, 10 years earlier,^ Yaerell had described 

 it under the name bewicMi. The same year Breiim, in Isis, had named 

 a little Swan as islandicus, but after what I have tried to show, in my 

 second note on the synonymy, it does not belong here, bnt to the 

 Hooper, whilst the species described and well drawn by Naumann in 

 Wiegmann's Archiv. 1838, under Beehm's name islandicus certaiuly 

 belougs to bewickii; he altered the name 4 years later to melanorhinus. 

 In Naumannia for the year 1854, p. 145, Taf. I and II, Professor Altum 

 described and delineated a little Swan after specimens killed in North- 

 western Germany, and which he considered to be a new species, difler- 

 ent from bewickii, but without giving it a name, and whose principal 



*GiEBEL, Thesaur. Ornith. I, cites, "Wiegm. Areh. IV, 1838, p. 361, Taf. 9," and 

 Dresser, B. of Eur., has the same quotation. 



t Althougli Pallas's description in the above-named place only partly refers to C. 

 hewickii, it will not do to place his name as unconditionally synonymous with the 

 Hooper, as Mr. Finsch does (Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ver. Wien XXXIX, 1879, p. 255). 



t A specimen was killed in France in 1807, and was deposited in the museum at 

 Leiden under the name Cygnus musicus, until I, the last summer, identified it with 

 heivitJcii. 



