PROCEEDINGfi OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 247 



13. Opisthonema thrissa (Osbeck) Gill. G. P. 



Two spocimeus obta-iued at Pensacola, where it does not appear to 

 be very abnudaiit. 



14. Clu-pea. sapidissima WUa.— Shod, Jlcwlfe. P. (30809.) 



Head, ;3| (4| in total); depth, 3| (4|). D. I, 16. A.I, 20. Scutes, 

 21+15. 



This species is not uncommon about Pensacola, where numerous young 

 specimens were obtained. It is known to the fishermen as " alewife " or 

 "shad," and is used only for bait. The sijecimens seen were 8 to 9 

 inches in length. They are somewhat more elongate than the young 

 of the northern shad, and the number of gill-rakers is pretty constantly 

 smaller (about 38 below the angle of the arch, instead of 45 to 50). 



15. Clupea chrysochloris (Raf.) J. & G.—Bhte hen-ing. P. G. (30809.) 

 {Meletta ttuocril Cuv. &l Val. xx, 375.) 



ISTot rare on the Gulf coast. Known to the fishermen only as a marine 

 species. One specimen obtained at Galveston and one at Pensacola. 



The following is a description of the Galveston specimen : 



Color in life deep bluish -green above, the color abruptly ceasing on 

 level of ui)per edge of gill opening; sides white, with a strong tinge of 

 golden, especially on head. Dorsal yellowish, more or less dusky at 

 base and in front. Caudal soiled yellowish, dusky at tip. Yentrals 

 and anal pale; pectorals pale, a dusky streak on the inner side, behind 

 first ra3" ; tips of jaws blackish; mouth yellowish within ; tongue bluish ; 

 lining of opercle mostly pale; peritoneum white. 



Body comparatively long and slender; head not very deep; lower 

 jaw strongly projecting, its tip fitting into an emarginctiou of the upper 

 jaw and entering the profile; tip of lower jaw with a few slender decidu- 

 ous teeth. Premaxillaries with a narrow band of rather strong ijenna- 

 neiit teeth ; those of the outer series strongest. Tongue with feeble 

 teeth ; vomer toothless. Gill-rakers numerous, but not long, not so long 

 as eye ; about 5^- in head (about 22 below angle). Eye not large, 4^ in 

 head. Maxillary reaching past middle of pupil, a little less than half 

 head. Cheeks longer than deep; their depth below eye 4 in head; 

 lower limb of preopercle 2^ in upper. Longest ray of dorsal IJ in head. 

 Ventrals small, nearer snout than base of caudal. Pectorals 1^ in head. 



Head 4 (5 m total); depth 3^ (42). D. 2, 17; A. 1, 18. Lat. 1. 48. 

 Scutes IG 4- 13 (19 -j- 15 in the Pensacola siiecimeu, 20 + 15 in a specimen 

 from White River, Indiana). 



The Pensacola specimen is remarkable for its extraordinary fatness, 

 the body being very plump and full of oil. It is very greasy to the 

 touch, even after having been for some time in alcohol. 



16. Clupea pseudohispanica (Poey) Gthr, P. (30320.) 



Four specimens of this species, each 6^ inches long, were obtained at 

 Pensacola. Its resemblance to the European sardine {Clwpea jnlchardus 



