260 



Mary Davies Swartz, 



nature of lichens and algae, each of these classes will be discussed 

 separately in detail. 



The percentage composition of some common species of algae is 

 shown in the following table: 



FOOD MATERIAL. 



CARBOHYDRATES. 



Nitrogen- 

 free 

 Extract. 



Crude 



I.* Cystophyllum fusiform 



dried 



Ecklonia bicyclis, dried. , 

 Enteromorpha linza, 



dried (Limu eleele)... 

 Laminaria sp., dried.. . . 

 Porphyra laciniata, 



dried 



Ulopteryx pinnatifida, 



dried 



II. t Ahnfeldtia concinna, 



fresh (Limu akiaki).. , 

 Ulva fasciata and U. 

 Jactuca, fresh (Limu 



pahapaha) 



Gracilaria coronopifolia, 



fresh (Limu manauea) 



Ill.t Chondrus Crispus, dried. 



IV. § Cetraria islandica 



54.84 

 51.63 9.79 



46.18 

 47.70 



41.22 



37.81 



14.4 



12.5 



14.1 

 54.16 2.57 

 43.3 5.3 



17.56 

 9.79 



19.21 

 21.24 



9.75 



31.35 



4.2 



3.8 



4.1 



14.2211 

 2.2 



*Oshima (15). 



t Reed (18), (calculated on uniform water basis). 

 JAnnet (1). 



§ Schmidt (24), first studied the ash and reported a notable amount of calcium and potassium 

 phosphates. He found no nitrogen. Blondeau (3) reported 21.36 per cent nitrogen. 

 I! Brown (334). 



Until 1905 the chemical nature of the constituents of algae had 

 received little attention. Analyses of many species of algae from 

 Japan and China were reported recently by Konig and Bett£ls (8), 

 the results of which are given in the following table on page 25'. 



According to Oshima and ToUens (16) the carbohydrates of Por- 

 phyra laciniala consist largely of anhydrides of (/-mannose and i'-ga- 

 lactose. Miither and ToUens (13) studying various species of Fucus 

 {F. vesiculosus, F. nododus, F. serratiis), Laminaria, and Chondrus 

 crispus, found a methyl-pentosan (fucosan), in Fucus and Laminaria; 

 and glucose, fructose, galactose and pentose groups in Chondrus 

 Krefting reports a reserve carbohydrate in Laminaria digitate in win- 



