Ill the contribulion published in 1908 (23 b) and in the present contribution 

 I have endeavoured to give a fuller and more thorough account of the structure 

 of the members of the old Cuvierian family "Bouches-en-flùte" and the old Cuvierian 

 order "Lophobranchii" than it would be possible to gather from the previous litera- 

 ture; and in giving a broader base of facts than hitherto possessed, especially con- 

 cerning their osteology, I hope to have settled the question, how far these forms 

 are really related, and thus to have laid down a sound and reliable foundation for 

 their future systematic arrangement. That previous knowledge of the structure of 

 these fishes must be said to have been defective and that a thorough reexamination 

 of their osteology was justified, is, I think, proved in the descriptive part of my 

 papers and in the notes which I have added. The latter I have made so full and 

 extensive, that any reader may be in the position to verify to what extent the de- 

 scriptions given by me contain really new information, and to realize the confusion 

 which on several points has been brought about, partly by defective observations, 

 partly by ignoring facts already settled before. 



The bulk of the present paper is merely descriptive; but in a concluding 

 chapter I have set forth the systematic arrangement of the fishes under considera- 

 tion which seems to me most in accord with the anatomical facts obtained. 



Aulostomidæ. 

 Aiilostonia. 



The following account is based on specimens of Aulostoma coloratum M. and 

 Tr. As far as I have seen the other species A. chinense (L.) does not show any 

 differences of importance. 



Exoskeleton. 



Aulostoma is covered with scales; only on the head (including the posttemporal), 

 and on the anterior part of the back are scales wanting; through the naked skin 

 of the back is seen, more or less distinctly, the sculptured surface of three longi- 

 tudinal, median, bony nuchal shields. The scales embrace basaliy the anterior 

 margins of the second dorsal fin and anal tin and cover part of the caudal 

 fin. Most of the scales are ovoid, with truncate hind margin, along which is a 

 single row of large teeth; the latter are independent structures, separated from the 



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