358 92 



".stag's-liorns", have been broken off. Thus neilher Smitt nur PaüKEU h;ul ;my idea iil' (he 

 part these distal branched ends play as means of lixation of the pectoral I'm. 



The few remarks by GiLi, (14 b) and Jordan and Evermann (21 a), apparently following 

 PAiiKKii, are quoted above. Siebenrock (äS, p. 118) describes the ]iosttemporal in Hippocampus 

 and mentions the attachment of the clavicle to the two anterior vertebræ. 



GooDKK.ii (1.5) ascribes (p. 414) to the Lophobranchii "very small pectoral radiais", |).4irj 

 adding tor the subtribe B (including Syngnathidæ and llipi)ocampidæ): "with a row of distal 

 cartilages." That his (original) figure 413 1) is incorrect was stated on p. 303 [37] of the pre- 

 sent paper. 



Regan (45 b, p. 79) characterizing [he Sfiuf/nalhoidi'i says: "post-temporal simple, suturally 

 united to the cranium; no supracleithrum ; clcithrum firmly attached to the transverse pro- 

 cesses of the two anterior vertebræ." Later (45 c, 1910) p. 8 he states that "the clavicle is 

 attached to the exjjanded transverse process of the lirst vertebra." 



21 p. 308 [42]. Regarding the nuchal plates, the size and shape of which are often 

 described by systcmatists, I may point out that most members of the Hippocampine group 

 are possessed of three, a fact which does not seem to have been observed before. Thus 

 MOREAU (36, p. 35) says for Hippocampus: "II y a deux pièces nuchales"; the anterior is 

 described in detail and its shape compared with a crown. "La seconde pièce nuchale est 

 allongée, elle est étroite, elle fait une espèce de toit au-dessus de l'espace vide, qui reste 

 entre les deux pièces latérales supérieures du premier anneau du tronc ou de l'anneau sca- 

 pulaire i i. c. the ujiper parts of the clavicle)." From this description follows that the hind- 

 most nuchal plate has escaped attention. Schafe (50, p. 21 ) does not mention any number 

 of nuchals in Hippocampus, but he seems not at all to understand the structures of the 

 nuchal region: "Die Exoccipitalia und das Suijraoccipitale bilden mehrere zu einem kronen- 

 artigen (iebilde verschmolzene Stacheln, an welche sich auf Nackenschildern noch einige 

 Hervorragungen anschliessen." This seems to mean that S. regards the anterior nuchal, the 

 "corona", as part of the skull. No better is the following: "Das erste Schild, welches auf 

 den Kopf folgt, besteht aus zwei auf der Medianliuic des Rückens verschmolzenen, oberen 

 Seitenschildcrn, deren Stacheln wie die der gewohnlichen Schilder beschallen sind. Auch die 

 zugespitzte, nach unten gerichtete Fläche, die sich an den Körper legt, ist vorhanden. Dann 

 aber tritt noch jederseits vorn ein schräg nach unten verlaufender Teil hinzu, der sich mit dem 

 die Brustllossc tragenden Stück (i. c. the clavicle) verbindet. Nach vorn spitzt sich die Rücken- 

 fläche dieses ganzen Schildes zu und läuft in drei kleine Fortsätze aus, vor welchen die 

 Nackenscliilder mit ihren Erhebungen liegen. '" 



DuNCKEii (13, )). 21) correctly says that "Das slark bewehrte Pränuchale von Hippocam- 

 jms wird als Corona bezeichnet"; but he only mentions a Pränuchale and a Nuchale in 

 Lophobranchs generally. 



22 p. .309 [4.3]. The ])rcsencc of the pscudobranchia in the Sijminathidœ has often been 

 denied or overlooked. Thus Meckel (35, 6. vol., p. 181) and Kroyek :,29, p. 679) deny its existence, 

 while Retzius, Kaup, Günther, Duméisil, Ryder, Moheau, Lii.l.ieborc, Jordan and f;vermann, 

 HuoT, perhaps still more authors, do not mention it at all. But already 1841 JoH. Müleeh 

 (37, p. 78) stated regarding ü\e Lophobranchii: "Haben einige Federchen einer Nebenkiemc 

 vor dem ersten Kiemenbogen. Untersucht wurden die Gattungen Si/ngnaihus Linn., Hippo- 

 campus C." 



Solenostomus. 



23 p. 311 [45]. Only some of the cutaneous papillæ ou llie snout have been observed by 

 previous authors, and only by the older, while later authors do not mention them. The 

 mandibular barbel at the chin seems not at all to have been noticed. 



Sera (51, p. 106) in his definition of Solenostomus (paradoxus) says: "Solenostomus 

 varius, roslro cirralo; pinnis dorsali el ventralibus prælongis" (or in Dutch: "Bonte Sole- 



